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Spring

后端

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Spring Boot

Spring Cloud

Spring

核心

对象容器

对象工厂
Bean Facotry

应用上下文
Applicaton Context

基于注解配置的应用上下文。
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

从一个或多个基于JAVA注解配置类中加载应用上下文。
Loads a Spring application context from
one or more Java-based configuration classes

基于直接配置的WEB应用上下文。
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext

从一个或多个基于JAVA注解配置类中加载WEB应用上下文。
Loads a Spring web application context from
one or more Java-based configuration classes

基于编译路径中XML文件的应用上下文。
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

从一个或多个编译路径中的XML文件加载应用上下文，同时将应用上下文定义看做
编译路径中的资源。
Loads a context definition from one or more XML files located
in the classpath, treating context-definition files as classpath resources

基于文件系统中XML文件的应用上下文。
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext

从一个或多个文件系统中的XML文件加载应用上下文。
Loads a context definition from one or
more XML files in the filesystem

基于WEB应用包中的XML文件的应用上下文。
XmlWebApplicationContext

从一个或多个包含在应用包中的XML文件加载应用上下文。
Loads context definitions from one or more
XML files contained in a web application

对象
Beans

对象生命周期
Bean lifecycle

创建对象实例。
1、Spring instantiates the bean.

向对象实例属性中注入基础值与对象引用。
2、Spring injects values and bean references into the bean's properties.

如果类实现了BeanNameAware接口，则调用setBeanName()函数注入实例ID。
3、If the bean implements BeanNameAware, Spring
passes the bean's ID to the set-BeanName() method.

如果类实现了BeanFactoryAware接口，则调用setBeanFactory()函数注入该对象的对象工厂实例。
4、If the bean implements BeanFactoryAware, Spring calls the setBeanFactory()
method, passing in the bean factory itself.

如果类实现了ApplicationContext接口，则调用setApplicationContext()函数注入该对象所属的应用上下文。
5、If the bean implements ApplicationContextAware, Spring calls the set-
ApplicationContext() method, passing in a reference to the enclosing application
context.

如果类实现了BeanPostProcessor接口，则调用postProcessBeforeInitialization()函数，执行自定义逻辑。
6、If the bean implements the BeanPostProcessor interface, Spring calls its post-
ProcessBeforeInitialization() method.

如果类实现了InitializingBean接口，则调用afterPropertiesSet()函数，同样的，如果类生命了初始化方法，初始化方法也会被调用。
7、If the bean implements the InitializingBean interface, Spring calls its after-
PropertiesSet() method. Similarly, if the bean was declared with an initmethod,
then the specified initialization method is called.

如果类实现了BeanPostProcessor接口，则调用postProcessAfterInitialization()函数。
8、If the bean implements BeanPostProcessor, Spring calls its postProcess-
AfterInitialization() method.

到这一步，对象已经可以被容器使用，并且已经存在上下文中了。
9、At this point, the bean is ready to be used by the application and remains in the
application context until the application context is destroyed.

如果类实现了DisposableBean接口，则调用destroy()函数。同样的，如果生命了销毁方法则调用该销毁方法。
10、If the bean implements the DisposableBean interface, Spring calls its
destroy() method. Likewise, if the bean was declared with a destroy-method,
the specified method is called.

对象生效范围
Bean scope

单例
Singleton

整个对象容器里面只有一个实例。
One instance of the bean is created for the entire application.

会话
Session

为每一个会话创建一个对象实例。
In a web application, one instance of the bean is created for each session.

请求
Request

为每一次请求创建一个对象实例。
In a web application, one instance of the bean is created for each request.

原型
Prototype

每一次获取或注入对象都创建新的对象实例。
One instance of the bean is created every time the bean is injected
into or retrieved from the Spring application context.

注解
Annotations

native

@ComponentScan

开启组件扫描，默认扫描配置类所在的包。容器扫描目标包及其子包下的有@Component注解的类。
Enable component scanning, default the same package as the configuration class.
Spring scan that package and any subpackages underneath it, looking for classes
that are annotated with @Component

@Primary

当存在多个符合条件的对象的时候，标识当前对象作为首选。
Identify this bean is the first choice when there are multiple
qualified beans. A.K.A this bean is your favorite one

@Qualifier

@Scope

ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE

ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON

WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_REQUEST

WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_SESSION

ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES

ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS

@Bean

表明被@Bean注解修饰的函数会返回将注册到应用上下文的对象。并且对象
默认名称和函数名保持一致。另一方面，如果函数有任何参数，容器会自动
注入到函数里。
Indicate the method with @Bean annotation will return an object that
should be registered in spring application context. And the default bean
id is the same as the name of the method. In the other hand, if the
method has any parameters, spring will autowired the dependency into the
method.

@Component

标识当前类作为一个对象实例。
Identify the class as a component

默认使用类名首字母小写作为对象实例名称。
Default given one name by lowercasing the first letter of the class name.

@Autowired

自动注入对象依赖。
Inject bean's dependencies automatically

当该注解使用在构造器上，容器通过构造器初始化该对象。
When annotated upon constructor, spring instantiate the via this constructor

当注解使用在setXX()函数上，在对象创建完之后，容器尝试通过setXX()进行属性注入。
When annotated upon setXX() method, after bean creation, spring try to satisfy
dependencies through setXX() method

自动注入的优先级：类型、类全路径标识、名称。
execution order: Type、Qualifier、Name

@Configuration

标识该类是配置类。
Identify this class as a configuration class

@Profile

当特定的配置被启用，被该注解标注的对象将被创建。
The bean will be created when the specific profile is active.

激活配置标识KEY
spring.profiles.active/spring.profiles.default

配置在Servlet中
As initialization parameters on DispatcherServlet

配置在容器上下文中
As context parameters of a web application

配置在JNDI属性对中
As JNDI entries

配置在环境变量中
As environment variables

配置在JVM系统参数中
As JVM system properties

使用@ActiveProfiles注解配置在测试类中
Using the @ActiveProfiles annotation on an integration test class

@Conditional

user Condition interface to make the decision

Parameters of matches() method in Contidion

ConditionContext

Check for bean definitions via the BeanDefinitionRegistry returned from
getRegistry().

Check for the presence of beans, and even dig into bean properties via the
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory returned from getBeanFactory().

Check for the presence and values of environment variables via the Environment
retrieved from getEnvironment().

Read and inspect the contents of resources loaded via the ResourceLoader
returned from getResourceLoader().

Load and check for the presence of classes via the ClassLoader returned from
getClassLoader().

AnnotatedTypeMetadata

Do something about the annotation

@PropertySource

引用属性配置文件并加载到容器环境对象中。
Reference a property file and load it into Spring's Environment

@Value("${xxx}")

通过key引用属性配置文件中的值。
Reference property value

PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer类根据容器加载的属性配置文件解析占位符。
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer resolves placeholders against Spring's property source

PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigrer类根据容器上下文Environment
以及属性配置文件解析占位符。
PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigrer resolves placeholders
against Spring Environment and its set of property sources

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy

开启自动代理。
Turn on auto-proxying

@Aspect

标识该类作为一个切面类。
Identify the class is an aspect.

@Pointcut

通过函数标识一个切点。
Indentify a pointcut through a method.

@Before

表明该函数在被增强的函数之前执行。
The advice method is called before the advised method is called.

@After

表明该函数在被增强的函数执行之后或抛出异常之后执行。
The advice method is called after the advised method returns or throws an
exception.

@AfterReturning

表明该函数在被增强的函数之后执行。
The advice method is called after the advised method returns.

@AfterThrowing

表明该函数在被增强的函数抛出异常之后执行。
The advice method is called after the advised method throws an exception.

@Around

表明该函数包裹着被增强的函数执行。
The advice method wraps the advised method.

@EnableWebMvc

开启基于注解驱动的Spring MVC。
Enable annotation-driven Spring mvc

@EnableTransactionManagement

开启声明式事物管理。
Enable declarative transaction management

@Transactional

JSR-330

@Named

效果上和@Component注解类似。
Has the same effect as @Component, but with subtle differences

@Inject

效果上和@Autowired注解类似，执行注入顺序为类型、全量标识、名称。
Has the same effect as @Autowired, but with subtle differences.
execution order: Type、Qualifier、Name

JSR-250

@Resource

效果上和@Autowire注解类似，执行注入顺序为名称、类型、全量标识。
execution order: Name、Type、Qualifier

依赖注入(DI)
Dependency Injection

reference

Auto Wiring

Constructor Wiring

Set method Wiring

value

Property placeholder ${xxx}

Environment Property

SpEL

syntax

#{xxx}

operators

arithmetic

+, -, *, /, %, ^

^ is power operation

comparison

<, lt, >, gt, ==, eq, <=, le, >=, ge

logical

and, or, not, |

conditional

?: (ternary), ?: (Elvis)

Elvis operator: #{disc.title ?: 'Rattle and Hum'}

regular expression

matches

#{admin.email matches '[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.com'}

collection

.?[]

select the sub collection

.^[]

select the first matching entry

.$[]

select the last matching entry

.![]

project properties of the elements of the
collection onto a new collection

examples

#{1}、#{false}、#{9.87E4}

#{'Hello'}

#{T(System).currentTimeMillis()}

bean operation #{bean.property}、#{bean.method()}、#{bean?.method()}

get system properties #{systemProperties['xx']}

#{'This is a test'[3]} this references the fourth (zero-based) character in the String, or s.

面向切面编程(AOP)
Aspect-Oriented Programming

terminology

Advice

The job of an aspect.