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管道备份

2016-09-05 00:18:15   0  举报

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管道备份是一种数据保护策略，它通过定期将关键数据从一个系统复制到另一个安全的存储介质中，以防止原始数据丢失或损坏。这种备份策略可以应用于各种类型的数据，包括电子邮件、文档、数据库等。管道备份的主要优点是它可以在任何时间点恢复数据，而不仅仅是在备份操作完成后。此外，由于数据是连续不断地从源系统流向备份系统，因此即使在源系统出现故障时，也可以确保数据的完整性。然而，管道备份也需要更多的存储空间和处理能力，因为它需要持续不断地存储和处理数据。总的来说，管道备份是一种强大而灵活的数据保护工具，可以有效地防止数据丢失和损坏。

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作者其他创作

大纲/内容

开槽管道

施工方案

开挖支护

槽底地基处理

不开槽管道

<div align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;border:none; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:22.1pt"> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.1pt"> 施工工法<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.1pt"> 密闭式顶管<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.1pt"> 浅埋暗挖<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.1pt"> 盾构<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.1pt"> 定向钻<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.1pt"> 夯管<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;height:9.1pt"> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:9.1pt"> 施工距离<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:9.1pt"> 较长<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:9.1pt"> 较长<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:9.1pt"> 长<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:9.1pt"> 较短<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:9.1pt"> 短<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 速度<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> ——<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 慢<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 快<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 快<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 快<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 适用范围<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 综合管道<o:p></o:p> （多）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 综合管道<o:p></o:p> （多）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 综合管道<o:p></o:p> （多）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 给水管道<o:p></o:p> （少）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 给水排水管道<o:p></o:p> （较多）<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 精度<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 小于±50mm（高）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> ≤±30mm<o:p></o:p> （高）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 不可控<o:p></o:p> （差）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> ≤0.5倍管道内径（低）<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 不可控<o:p></o:p> （差）<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 适用地质条件<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 各种土层<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 各种土层<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 除硬岩外的相对均质地层<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 砂卵石及含水地层不适用<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 含水地层不适用，<o:p></o:p> 砂卵石地层困难<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="76" style="width:75.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 成本<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="81" style="width:80.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 高<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:83.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 高<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="93" style="width:92.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 高<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="88" style="width:88.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> ——<o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="100" style="width:99.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt"> 较低<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div>

给排水管道功能性试验

压力管道

水压试验

试验阶段

预试验

30min

主试验

15min+30min

合格标准

允许压力降值

允许渗水量值

试验长度

水压试验的管段长度宜≤1.0km

无压管道

严密性试验

闭水试验

准备工作

（1）管道及检查井外观质量已验收合格；<o:p></o:p>（2）管道未回填土且沟槽内无积水；<o:p></o:p>（3）全部预留孔应封堵，不得渗水；<o:p></o:p>（4）管道两端堵板承载力经核算应大于水压力的合力；除预留进出水管外，应封堵坚固，不得渗水；

水头要求

观测时间

闭气试验

（1）混凝土类的无压管道在回填土前进行的严密性试验。<o:p></o:p>（2）地下水位应低于管外底150mm，环境温度为-15～50℃。<o:p></o:p>（3）下雨时不得进行闭气试验。

给水管道

冲洗消毒

燃气管道

分类

安装要求

管道维修

供热管

分类

焊接

设备人员要求

（1）有负责焊接工艺的焊接技术人员、检查人员和检验人员；<o:p></o:p>（2）有符合焊接工艺要求的焊接设备且性能稳定可靠；<o:p></o:p>（3）有精度等级符合要求、灵敏度可靠的焊接检测设备；<o:p></o:p>（4）有保证焊接工程质量达到标准的措施。<o:p></o:p>（5）施工单位首次使用的钢材、焊接材料、焊接方法，应在焊接前进行焊接工艺试验，编制焊接工艺方案。

质量检验

顺序

焊工焊缝检查

要求100%无损探伤检验的焊缝

（1）  钢管与设备、管件连接处<o:p></o:p>（2）  管线折点处现场焊接的焊缝<o:p></o:p>（3）  焊缝返修后应进行表面质量及100%的无损探伤检验，其检验数量不计在规定检验数中；<o:p></o:p>（4）  现场制作的各种管件

施工

要求

管道沟槽到底后，地基应由施工、监理、建设、勘察和设计等单位共同验收

管道安装前，应完成支、吊架的安装及防腐处理

直埋蒸汽管道的工作管，必须采用有补偿方式敷设

钢质外护管宜采用无补偿方式敷设， 必须进行外防腐，必须设置排潮管 。 外护管防腐层应进行全面在线电火花检漏及施工安装后的电火花检漏，耐击穿电压应符合国家现行标准的要求，对检漏中发现的损伤处须进行修补，并进行电火花检测，合格后方可进行回填

附件