12.1 Introduction
Broadcasting and multicasting only apply to UDP, where it makes sense for an application to send a single message to multiple recipients. TCP is a connection oriented protocol that implies a connection between two host and one more process on each host.
12.2 Broadcasting
we show four different forms of IP broadcast addresses.
Limited Broadcast
The limited broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 .This can be used as the destination address of an IP datagram during the host configuration process, when the host might not know its subnet mask or even its IP address.
Net-directed Broadcast
The net-directed broadcast address has a host ID of all one bits. A class A net-directed broadcast address is netid.255.255.255, where netid is the class A network ID.
Subnet-directed Broadcast
The subnet-directed broadcast address has a host ID of all one bits but a specific subnet ID .
All-subnets-directed Broadcast
An all-subnets-directed broadcast address also requires knowledge of the destination network's subnet mask, to differntiate this broadcast address from a net-directed broadcast address.
12.4 Multicasting
IP multicasting provides two services for an application.
In this section we'll take a look at multicast addresses, and the next chapter looks at the protocol used by multicasting hosts and routers.
Multicast Group Addresses.
Converting Multicast Group Addresses to Ethernet Addresses.
Multicast on FDDI and Token Ring Networks
