case expression of pattern -> result
pattern -> result
pattern -> result
...
这在表达式中作模式匹配很方便，由于模式匹配本质上就是 case 表达式的语法糖，所以这两段也是等价的：
describeList :: [a] -> String
describeList xs = "The list is " ++ case xs of [] -> "empty."
[x] -> "a singleton list."
xs -> "a longer list."
describeList :: [a] -> String
describeList xs = "The list is " ++ what xs
where what [] = "empty."
what [x] = "a singleton list."
what xs = "a longer list."
