动词
系动词
感官动词
look(看起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、sound(听起来)、feel(感觉/摸起来)
实义动词
情态动词
can
过去式:could,could是can的委婉说法
must
否定式:musn't,表求强烈禁止
had better(固定组合)
用法:与have无关,表示”最好...“,用于提建议、忠告;如果不听,会有不好的后果
It's going to rain.You had better take an umbrella.
否定式:had better not
缩写式:She'd better not(只能缩写had)
should
用法:表示”应该...“,用于提建议,建议做某事是好的或是对的
You should go and see it.
否定式:shouldn't,表示”不应该做某事“
may
过去式:might,might比may更不确定
have to
用法:出于责任和义务而有必要做某事,在不得不、客观条件限制下使用;
有人称、数量 、时态变化,也要借助动词完成语法功能
have to/has to/had to/will have to
don't have to/doesn't have to/won't have to
助动词
除了be动词自身变形,实义动词和感官动词都要借助动词完成句子的语法功能
have的用法
表示“有...”
Do...have/has?可替换为Have/has...got...?
Do you have a book?
Have you got a book?
have/has 可替换为 have got/has got
I have a book.
I have got a book.
hasn't/haven't 可替换为hasn't got/haven't got
I have not a book.
I have not got a book.
结合词组,才有具体含义
have my lunch(吃午饭)
have a nice time(玩得愉快)
have a game(玩游戏)
do/does/did/have/has/don't/doesn't/didn't/haven't/hasn't/shall/will等
使役动词
let/have/make+不定式
let/have/make sb do sth.
数词
基数词
one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/ten等
序数词
first/second/third/fourth/fifth/sixth/seventh/eight/ninth/tenth/twelfth/twentieth/twenty-fifth等
介词
in/on/at/above/to/with/across/after/under/over/between/along/besite/near/out of /into/for/like/from等
in/on/at的用法
表示年龄,用at<br>
He got married at the age of 25.(他25岁结婚。)
表示时间
表示时间的某一点、某一时刻,用at
at 8 o'clock/at midnight/at noon/at night/at 10:30(顺着读)/at the moment(此时此刻)
at half past ten(10:30)/at half to ten(9:30)/at a quarter past ten(10:15)/at a quarter to ten(9:45)
表示星期几和某一日期,用on
on 星期/on 日期
on July the first(7月1日)
表示时间较长的,用 in
in 月份/in 四季/in 年份/in the moring/in the afternoon/in the evening
当描述时间出现“every/this/last/next”时,前面不加介词
时间词+ago(在...时间之前)
a day ago
in+时间段(在...时间之后)
in an hour
in five minutes
大概几点
about/around/at  9:10
见一个,记一个
表示地点、场所、位置等(at、in、on)
表示某一点位置,用at
at my sister's(在我姐姐家)/at the doctor's(在医务室)/at the end of the street(在这条街的尽头)/at No.87 Beijing Road(在北京路87号)
表示空间或范围,用in,但有时可用at替换,at多用于指较小范围,而in多用于指较大范围
What's in the box?(这盒子有什么?)
He lives in Paris with his wife.(他同他妻子住在巴黎。)
in Shanghai/at the station
on用于地点时,
主要是指在某物的表面
What's on the table?(桌上有什么?)
会有少数搭配也用on
He works on a farm.(他在农场工作)。
有些搭配,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关
in the street(英)/on the street(美)
at the weekend(英)/on the weekend(美)
有些三差的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关
in bed/on the bed(在床上)
to的用法
表示朝着某方向或某处
I walked to the office.(我朝办公室走去)
表示位于...方向
to the north(位于北方)
表示到达某种状态
She sang the baby to sleep.(她唱着歌把孩子哄睡了)
表示在...开始之前;离...;
How long is it to lunch?(离吃午饭还有多久)
表示给
I give a book to you.(我把一本书给了你)
副词
一般以“ly”结尾的是副词,但有特例
频率副词
be动词+频率副词
频率副词+实义动词
never/always/often/usually/sometimes(可放句中或句末)/very often(放句末)/friquently(屡次)
too 和 either的区别
too,用于肯定句、疑问句
either,用于否定句,放句末
as well,和too一样用
else
量词
可数与不可数名词都可用量词描述
很多会将名词组视为量词
a cup of
plenty of = lots of=a lot of
连接词
宾语从句
that、what(什么或先行词不知道具体是什么时用)、whether(是否)
状语从句
方式状语
as(正如...一样)
as if(正如...一样)
时间状语
while(正当...时)
While she was reading,the phone rang.
while从句的时态是was/were doing
when(当...)
When the phone rang,she was reading.
when从句时态是did<br>
as(当...时,相当于when)
before(在...之前)
after(在...之后)
as soon as(一怎样就怎样)
no sooner+实义动词+than+从句(一怎样就怎样)
until(直到...)
结果状语
so(所以)
such+名词+that(太...以至于...)
so+形容词/副词+that(太...以至于...)
比较状语
as+副词/形容词+as(和...一样)
more than(超过了...)
than
让步状语
even though(尽管,语气更重)
although(尽管,更正式)
though(尽管)
定于从句
当先行词是sb,则用who/what/whom
当先行词是sh,则用which/that
当先行词是places,则用where
当先行词是reason,则用why
当先行词是time,则用when
当先行词物主代词或所有格时,则用whose
词组搭配
tell you the truth(和你说实话)
look for(寻找...)
The +姓氏+s(某一家人)
not...at all(一点也不...)
I hope that...(我希望...)
spend+时间/金钱(花费了...)
only+实义动词(仅...)
by+交通工具,表示乘车方式
next door to the room或near/beside the room,表示旁边的门
pay a deposit of thirty pounds.(支付30便士的定金)
fourteen pounds a month for three years.(分期付款的还款方式)
for sb(对谁而言)/for 时间段(一段时间)
at least...(至少...)
You have me at least.