英语复合句知识框架笔记总结
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英语复合句知识框架笔记总结
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
有并列连词:and、or、but连接
并列句
用疑问词作引导词,是全句的主体,可独立存在
主句
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
充当主语成分的句子,主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制
从属连词:that whether
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
连接副词:when where how why whenever wherever however
主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。
主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。
从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。
从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。
从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。
It is strange that you should like him.
常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句
It is the times that produce their heroes.
而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
时态
if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
主语从句
起表语作用的从句
My suggestion is that we (should)go and help him.
虚拟语气
表语从句
用陈述语序
在句子中起宾语作用的从句
引导陈述意义的 句子用that,无实际意义,口语中可以省略
表示“是否”的 意义时用whether或if (当句中有or是只能用whether而不用if)
主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要选用相应的时态
主句的谓语是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态上要用相应的过去时态
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
I don't suppose you're used to this diet
宾语从句
先行词:被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
He is the man(whom)I saw in the park yesterday.
whom,作宾语
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (of which the cover/the cover of which)
whose
Who is the man thatis reading a magazine under the tree?(指人,作主语。)
指物、人;作主语、宾语、表语、定语
that
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略
介词+ which:They are all questions to which there are no answers.
非限制性定语从句中用which作引导词,不用that
which
All (that) she lacked was training.
They talked about the teachers and the schools thatthey had visited.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
3.先行词被序数词和the last,数词、形容词或最高级修饰时
4.先行词中既有人又有物时
5.主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复时
He is not the man that he used to be.
6.关系代词在从句中作表语时
只能用that作引导词,不能用which作引导词
非限定性定语从句中
先行词本身是that
介词前置时,先行词后有介词时
those +复数名词之后,多用which
多用who,不用that的情况
先行词为anyone,one,ones等指人时
只用which,不用that
作主语,其引导的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中
as
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
关系代词
关系副词
This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
及物动词后面无宾语,用关系代词
先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词。
判断关系代词与关系副词
修饰方式,用that或in which引导,或者不用引导词
引导词:在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词
【定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句】,在句中作定语,修饰名词、名词词组或者代词
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
that=介词(in,on,for,at)+which
Is there anything (that) you wanted?
关系代词作宾语时,可省略
对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,不能被省略
限定性定语从句
as作关系代词
关系副词不做主语
起补充说明作用,可省略,前面有逗号隔开
非限定性定语从句
限定词;外观;形状;年龄;身体特征、情感和性格特征,颜色;国籍;材料;用途
次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语
定语前置
单词
前置定语
定语后置
短语和从句
后置定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词
形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子
定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
定语
定语从句
指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。可修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
主句是将来时的时候,从句主要用一般现在时。
表示自过去的一个起始时间点到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
原因状语从句
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
目的状语从句
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that
结果状语从句
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
主句为情态动词作为谓语时,从句要用一般现在时。
主将从现,主情从现,主祈从现
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式
状语从句的省略
状语从句
不能独立存在,须由一个关联词引导
从句
复杂句
英语复合句知识框架笔记总结
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