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初中英语被动语态用法

2025-07-27 10:18:59   0  举报

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初中英语被动语态用法

被动语态

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被动语态的定义

表示动作的执行者不是句子的主语

动作由他人或事物执行

主语是动作的接受者

常用于强调动作的接受者

而不是动作的执行者

被动语态的结构

由助动词be加上过去分词构成

be的形式根据主语的人称和数变化

am, is, are, was, were

过去分词通常与主动语态中的动词原形相对应

表示动作已经完成

时态的变化

一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

The book is read by the student.

一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词

The letter was sent yesterday.

现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词

The work is being done now.

过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词

The house was being built when I visited.

现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词

The cake has been eaten.

过去完成时：had been + 过去分词

The homework had been finished before the class.

将来时态：will be + 过去分词

The report will be delivered tomorrow.

情态动词：can/must/may + be + 过去分词

The window must be closed.

被动语态的使用场合

不知道动作的执行者是谁

The window was broken.

不强调动作的执行者

The cake was eaten by someone.

动作的执行者不重要或已知

The car was repaired yesterday.

为了礼貌或避免直接指责任何人

Mistakes should not be made.

被动语态与主动语态的转换

找出主动语态中的主语和宾语

主动语态：The teacher teaches us English.

主语：The teacher

宾语：us

被动语态：We are taught English by the teacher.

主语：We

动作执行者：the teacher（可省略）

保持时态和语态的一致性

如果主动语态是现在时，被动语态也用现在时

The company sells cars. (主动)

Cars are sold by the company. (被动)

如果主动语态是过去时，被动语态也用过去时

The artist painted the picture. (主动)

The picture was painted by the artist. (被动)

被动语态的注意事项

某些动词不用于被动语态

感官动词（see, hear, feel等）

I saw him leave. (不可以说"He was seen to leave.")

使役动词（let, make等）

They made him work. (不可以说"He was made to work.")

某些动词短语不可分割

look after, take care of等

The child is taken care of by the nurse. (不可以说"The child is took care of.")

某些情况下使用by短语

当需要明确指出动作的执行者时

The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

但很多时候by短语可以省略

The book was written.

避免使用过多被动语态

过多使用被动语态会使文章显得累赘

主动语态通常更直接、更有力

被动语态的练习方法

通过例句学习被动语态的结构

分析句子成分，理解被动语态的构成

将主动语态句子转换为被动语态

练习时注意时态和语态的一致性

阅读含有被动语态的英文材料

增强对被动语态使用的语感

写作练习中尝试使用被动语态

注意不要过度使用，保持句子的多样性

通过做题检测对被动语态的掌握情况

解决疑问，巩固知识点

被动语态在不同文体中的应用

学术写作

强调研究结果而非研究者

The results are analyzed in detail.

新闻报道

客观报道事件，不强调个人

The building was destroyed in the fire.

日常会话

礼貌地表达请求或建议

You are requested to attend the meeting.

故事叙述

突出故事中的事件而非人物

The treasure was found by the young explorer.

官方文件和通知

正式表达，避免个人色彩

The decision has been made by the committee.

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