Hala 思维导图模板_ProcessOn思维导图、流程图

Maintenance

Type of Maintenance

Corrective

维持控制日常功能

Adaptive

应对维持控制系统的修改

Perfective

完善现有的功能

Preventive

防止系统性能下降到不可用的地步

cyclomatic number(环路数)

划分平面数

线性无关路径数

e - n + 2

System Test

Testing Process

Function Testing(功能测试)

Cause and Effect Graphs

Decision Table

Peformance Testing(性能测试)

Acceptance Testing(验收测试)

Installation Testing(安装测试)

Test Techniques

Regression Test(回归测试)

RAM

Software Reliability(软件可靠性)

系统在给定时间间隔内无失效运行的概率

MTTF, R = MTTF / (1 + MTTF)

Software Avalibility(软件可用性)

系统在一个给定时刻完整工作的可能性

MTBF, A = MTBF / (1 + MTBF)

Software Maintainability(软件可维护性)

系统在给定时间间隔内完成维护活动的可能性

MTTR, M = 1 / (1 + MTTR)

Introduction

Software Defination

Instructions

Data

Documents

Software Quality

User's View

Correctness

Reliability

Integrity

Efficiency

Usability

Developer's View

Maintainability

Testability

Flexibility

Portability

Reusability

Interoperability

Process Quality

CMM(Capability Maturity Model)

SPICE

RUP(Rational Unified Process)

Quality in the context of the Business Enviorment

ROI

(total benefit - total cost) / total_cost

Software Engineering

软件工程是涉及软件产品系统化生产和维护的技术性和管理性的规则，软件产品因在成本估计范围内，随时准备开发和修改

将系统化的，严格约束的，可量化的方法应用到软件开发，运行和维护

Software Engineer & Computer Scientist

Computer scientist solve the computer's problems

Software engineer produce quality software using computer as tools

Program Test

Static Test(静态测试)

Code Inspection(代码会审)

Walk Through(走查)

Desk Chekcing(办公桌检查)

Dynamic Test(动态测试)

Black Box(黑盒测试)

White Box(白盒测试)

Statement Cover(语句覆盖测试)

Condition Cover(条件覆盖)

Branch Cover(分支测试覆盖)

Boundary Test(边界测试)

(Exhaustive)穷举测试和选择测试

Unit Testing

Correctness

Formal Proof Techiniques(形式化证明技术)

Symbolic Execution(符号执行)

Automated Theorem-Proving(自动定理证明)

Integration Testing

Bottom-Up

Top-Down

Big-Bang

Sandwich Testing

Code Review

Code Walkthrouhs

Code Inspection

Requirement Analysis

Type of Requirement

Functional  Requriement(功能需求)

Quality Requirement(非功能需求)

Design Constraint(设计约束)

Process Constraint(过程约束)

Requirements Documents

Requirement Definition(需求定义文档)

Requriements Specification(需求分析文档)

Modeling Notations

ER Diagram(实体关系图)

UML Class Diagram(UML 类图)

关系，实体，属性，对问题中的对象的关联进行建模

Data-Flow Diagrams(数据流图)

UML Use Case Diagmran(UML用例图)

描述一个功能到另一个功能的数据流建模

Event Trace(事件追踪)

UML Sequence Diagram(UML序列图)

表示真实世界实体之间交换的事件序列的图形描述

State Machine(状态机)

用于在单个模型中表示一组事件踪迹描述了环境与系统之间的对话

UML Statechart Diagrams(UML状态图)

System Design

What is design? design is a creative process transoforming problem into solution

Architecture Style

Involves

Components(组件)

Connectors(连接器)

Constraints on combining components

Styles

Pipes and filters(管道与过滤器)

Concurrent executing of filters

Object-Oriented Design(OO设计)

Integrity of data representation

Implicit invocation(隐含调用)

Exchange must be done through shared data

Easy reuse from other systems

Layering(分层)

Representing different levels of abstraction

Repositories(仓库)

Openess, Modularity

Example: Libraries, Large database, Search Engines

Interpreters(解释器)

JVM， WEB脚本语言

Process Control(过程控制)

Clinet-Server(客户机/服务器)

瘦客户机/胖客户机

Decompositions

Modular Decompostion(模块分解)

分配函数到各个模块中

Data-Oriented Decompostion(数据导向分解)

将数据分配到各个模块中

Event-oriente Decompositio(事件导向性分解)

将事件任务分配到各个模块中

Outside-In Design(由外向内设计)

Object-Oriented Design(面对对象设计)

将对象分配到各个模块中

Characteristic of Good Design

Coupling(耦合)

Uncouping(非直接耦合)

最低，通过其它模块间接联系

Data Coupling(数据耦合)

参数传递一般的数据

Stamp Coupling(标记耦合)

参数传递结构类数据

Control Coupling(控制耦合)

传递控制标记flag

Common Coupling(公共耦合)

共用数据

Content Coupling(内容耦合)

GO TO

两个构件之间的相互依赖和相互作用的程度

Cohesion(内聚)

Functional Cohesion(功能内聚)

一个功能一个模块

Sequential Cohesion(顺序内聚)

上个功能输出作为下个功能输入

Communicational Cohesion(通讯内聚)

借用公共数据

Procedural Cohesion(过程内聚)

功能必须按特定顺序执行

Temporal Cohesion(时间内聚)

执行时间一样

Logic Cohesion(逻辑内聚)

输入相同或输出相同

Coincidental Cohesion(偶然内聚)

最低内聚程度

Project

Defination

Temporary endeavor undertaken to create unique product, service or result

Work break down structure

Precursor

Duration

Due Date

End Point

Project Personnel

Extroverts

Tell their thoughts

Introverts

Ask for suggestion

Intuitives

Base decisions on feelings

Acknowledges feelings

Rationals

Base decisionss on facts

Decide logically

Project Organization

Chief Programmer Team

Egoless Approach

Effort Estimation

Risk Management

Risk Assesment

Risk Identifaction

Risk Analysis

Risk Prioritization

Risk Control

Risk Reduction

Risk Management Planning

Risk Resolution

Risk Exposure

Exposure = (Risk Probability) * (Risk Impact)

Process

Process Models

Waterfall Model

Features

Very well distinguished process

Every steps in the model completes with milestone

When the documents are approved the next step can be taken

Well defined inputs and outputs of the activities

Precisely define different roles of developers

Drawbacks

There is no insight into how activity transform one artifact to another, such as requirements to design

It's failure to treat software as a problem solving process

Prototyping Model

Spiral Model

Increnmental Model & Iterations Model

V Model

Agile Model