Literature
2016-12-12 23:13:57 0 举报AI智能生成
文学，是艺术的一种形式，通过文字表达人类的思想、情感和经验。它是人类文明的镜子，反映了社会、历史和文化的变迁。文学作品包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等，它们以独特的语言风格和丰富的想象力吸引读者。文学不仅具有娱乐性，更具有启发性和教育性，它可以开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的内心世界，提高我们的审美能力和人文素养。无论是古代的《诗经》、《楚辞》，还是现代的《百年孤独》、《哈姆雷特》，都是文学的瑰宝，值得我们去欣赏和研究。
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
The Colonial and
Revolutionary Periods
( 1607-1775)
( 1607-1775)
Feature
in the Colonial Period
in the Colonial Period
Character of Writings—religious, practical, or historical
American Puritanism—
major topic stresses
major topic stresses
* predestination (预言)
* original sin
* total depravity (堕落)
* limited atonement (赎罪) or the salvation (拯救) of
a selected few who would receive God's grace
a selected few who would receive God's grace
Feature
in the Revolutionary Period
in the Revolutionary Period
representative work—Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence.
Character of Declaration of Independence
* rhetorical (带修辞色彩的) vigor
* refined diction (措辞)
* polished style
* ardent longing for freedom
Representative
figures & works
figures & works
Jonathan Edwards
religious idealism
preaching the puritan ideas and condemning people's depravity
initiating the Great Awakening Movement to revive Puritanism
Almanac—published continuously for almost a quarter of a century
Benjamin Franklin
a completely worldly man; a statesman, ambassador, scientist, essayist
Poor Richard's Almanac—
both a literary achievement & a profitable business
both a literary achievement & a profitable business
Autobiography—most famous work
The Romantic Period
( 1790-1865 )
( 1790-1865 )
Feature
American Renaissance
Character of American writings
* free expression of emotions, attention to the psychic states
of their character
of their character
* exalted (赞美) the individual & the common man
* revealed unique characteristics of their own &
grew on the native lands
grew on the native lands
Best Representaives
Washington Irving & James Fennimore Cooper
Walt Whiteman & Emily Dickinson
Writers of Fiction
Washington Irving; James Fennimore Cooper; Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nathaniel Hawthorne; Edgar Allan Poe; Herman Melville
Nathaniel Hawthorne; Edgar Allan Poe; Herman Melville
Writers of Poetry
Walt Whitman
1819-1892
poems—The Leaves of Grass
combined the ideal of democratic common man
& that of the rugged individual
& that of the rugged individual
Emily Dickinson
1830-1886
different from Whitman
the poetess—turned to the outer world
& embraced society, democracy & nation
& embraced society, democracy & nation
The Realistic Period
( 1790-1865 )
( 1790-1865 )
Feature
a reaction against Romanticism
stressing—truthful treatment of material
the writings : concerned with the world of experience,
the commonplace, the familiar & the low
the commonplace, the familiar & the low
dominant figures
Mark Twain
William Dean Howells
Henry James
Representative Figures
Mark Twain
1835-1910
based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial American speech—
a new appreciation of their national voice
a new appreciation of their national voice
contribution : making colloquial speech an accepted,
respectable literary medium in literature
respectable literary medium in literature
Henry James
1843-1916
bridges the 19th and 20th centuries and connects America and Europe
“the international theme” —the meeting of America & Europe
William Dean Howells
1837-1920
realism—photographic pictures of externals but
includes a central concern with "motives" & psychological conflict
prolific writer— drama, poetry , novels , criticism,
travelogues & autobiography
travelogues & autobiography
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