Foundation Engineering
2017-03-06 00:47:44 0 举报AI智能生成
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Defenition of foundation
1. Part of an engineered system that transmit loads to, and into, the underlying soil or rock the loads supported by the foundation and its self-weight
2. The load-carring components to the ground
Importance and purpose
1. Selecting, designing, and constructing the elements of a structure to the underlying soil or rock
2. Including
Design of foundations
Design of non-foundation problems
Retaining walls
Bulkheads
Earth dams
Cofferdams
Tunnels
Design of natural slopes
Stabilization of soils
3. Interfacing element
Superstructure
Underlying soil or rock
Foundation engineering
The knowledge required
The load that will be transmitted by the superstructure to the foundation system
The requirements of the local building code
The behavior and stress-related deformability of soils that will support the foundation system
The geological conditions of the soil under consideration
Foundation engineer
Who by reason of training and experience is sufficiently versed in scientific principles and engineering judgment to design a foundation
Being aware of the approximate methods used to obtain the soil parameters being used
Every representing at least partly a venture into the unknown
Steps are required for designing a foundation
1.Geotechnical engineering investigation documents
2.Related documents about building site and environmental conditions
3.Related documents about building
4.Related documents on execution conditions
5.Materials on pile type and operative feasibility supplied for design comparison
Classifications and select definitions
Basis
structure load
the subsoil conditions
the desired tolerable settlement
Foundation
shallow foundation
individual footing independent foundation
strip footing
cross strip footing
mat foundation
box foundation
shell foundation
deep foundation
pile foundation
open-end caisson foundation box caisson foundation
diaphragm wall foundation
Additional considerations
General requirements to be met in designing a foundation
Subsurface investigation
The data from such investigations should be evaluated to determine whether or not the use of a deep foundation is necessary
If such studies, together with studies of the soil properties, reveal that detrimental settlement can be avoided by more economical methods, then deep foundations should not be use
Foundation elements must be proportioned both with the soil
The variability of the soil in combination with unanticipated load or subsequent soil movements (e.g., earthquakes) can result in settlement problems over which the designer may have little control
Soil parameters used for design are obtained before the project is started
Being conservative in designing this part of system
Foundation engineering related calculation
Foundation structure stability checking
Vertical bearing capacity calculation
Foundation settlement calculation
Water buoyancy about the relevant provisions of the calculation
The principle of design calculation
The pressure of the underside foundation bearing capacity is less than allowed
The ground base and foundation deformation value is less than the requirements value of the building sedimentation
The overall stability of ground base and foundation have enough assurance
The strength and durability of foundation should is meet the needs of requirements
Serviceability limit states design
Corresponding to the bridge structure or its components to normal use or the durability of a limit state
Corresponding to the bridge structure or its members to achieve maximum carrying capacity or appear not suitable for deformation of the displacement or continue to carry state
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