rational models of DMP 理性决策模型
formulation stage 制定阶段<br>
concept development stage 概念发展阶段<br>
detailing process 详细过程
evaluation stage 评估阶段
implemetation stage 执行阶段
Alternatives to regional models 理性模型的替代
rational model is not realistic 不现实
<ol>more realistic to look at decision making as satisficing process</ol>
org. makers are characterized by bounded rationality 决策者具有有限理性的特征
<ul>Rationality is bounded by personal and environmental factors<br></ul>
<ol start="3">Decision making can be attributed to intuitive processes of managers 管理者的直观过程<br></ol>
March - garbage can model 垃圾筒模型
problems 问题
sonutions 解决方案
participants 参与人员
choices 决策机会
Effective small-group decision making
Fisher's phase medel
orientation phase 定位阶段:集体成员互相熟悉，掌握问题
conflict phase 冲突阶段：提出并辩论可能解决问题的方法
emergence phase 出现阶段：小集团达到一定的共识
reinforcement phase 强化阶段：决定得到支持
group think 群体思维
low-quality decisions' results
improper seeseement
flawed information base
faulty reasoning
functional theory of group decision making 群体决策
correct understanding of the issuses 理解问题
determine the minimal characteristics 确定替代方案所需的最小特征
identify a relevant and realistic set of alternatives 确定替代方案
examine & select 评估和选择
critiques against rational approach
overly concerned with the task function
ignore socio-emotional and relational aspects
Participation in decision making
effects of PDM
attitudinal effects 态度效应:job satisfaction
cognitive effects 认知效应:enhanced use of information from wide range go mambers
behavioral impacts: 行为影响 improved the productivity and increase in effectiveness of decisions
Model of PDM
Affective model 情绪模型 <br>
Cognitive model 认知模型
