Teacher's subjective judgement
Major: the use of cloze testing and dictationOther: interviews and composition writing
Concerned with how language is used in communication
The Integrative Approach
The importance of the meaning of utterances rather than form and structure
The Essay- translation Approach
Designed to assess learner's ability to use two or more skills simultaneously
Concerned with the systematic acquisition of a set of habits
The pre-scientific stage(require no special skills or expertise)
A global view of proficiency (language competence)
linked tosometimes
The Structuralist Approach
chapter2mindmap第四组：吴凌芸翟曼晴黄玉华崔彦文叶若兰
Divorced from any context on the grounds
Involves the testing of language in context; concerned with meaning and the total communicative effect of discourse;
Approaches to language testing
The Communicative Approach
1.Work of structuralist linguistics 2.The importance of contrastive analysis 3.The need to indentify and measurethe learner's mastery of seperate elements of the target language(phonology+vocabulary+grammar)
