表达计划
关于计划,不确定回答用might do sth,肯定回答和疑问用be doing 或be going in to do
表示将来要做某事,确定性从高到低
be doing>be going to do>shall/will do
非谓语动词
动词不定式
用来补充前面最接近词的说明,不作谓语,不受人称、数量、时态、语态(主动/被动)的限定
结构:to be/do
你想要某人做某事吗?
Do you want sb to do...?
Do you want me to go to sleep early?
Would you like sb to do...?(更委婉)
Would you like me to go to sleep early?
否定式:not to do
动词不定式前面是动词或形容词
v.+to be/do
adj.+to be/do
want to do
想要做某事,want充当谓语
知识点
双宾语(2个宾语承受同一个动作)
give sb sth
give sth to sb
lent me book
人称代词不可数时,都用单三
否定词开头,表示强调,表”也不”
Neither can I.
Neither be/do I.
同位语
补充前面的名词,同位语前后要有逗号
My Name,Lily,句子
Aren't you lucky!(非否定句,而是强调)
句型
疑问句
一般疑问句
回答
用yes/no回答,人称代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词
who的用法
Ann phoned Tom?
如果是问主语,则直接替换
Who phoned Tom?
如果是问宾语,用【一般过去时】
Who did phone Ann?
特殊疑问句
疑问代词+一般疑问句?
疑问代词(what/which)+名词?
How much(问金钱或问不可数名词的数量 )/How many(问数量)
反意疑问句
结构:陈述句(肯定/否定)+Question tag(疑问标签)
It is cold,isn't it?
You are tired,aren't you?
She likes it,Doesn't she?
He doesn't say,Does he?
前面是肯定,后面就否定形式,前面是否定,后面就肯定形式;情态动词一样用(主谓宾);有变化的是助动词和系动词;
直接用Yes./No.回答
祈使句
用法:表示命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子,无主语
肯定形式
be+形容词/名词
do sth
let+宾语+动词原形+其它部分
Let us play football.
否定形式
Don't+do/be
Let's+not+动词原形
复合句/从句
句子>=2,动词>=2
定语从句
用来修饰,限定,相当于很长的形容词
结构:先行词+引导词/连接词/关系词+定语从句
sb+who/that+定语从句
sth+which/that+定语从句
先行词是被修饰的主体,引导词/连接词/关系词后紧接的是定语从句
当先行词为主语时:
Anyone [who/what] wants to apply for the job must do so by Friday.
当先行词为宾语时:
There is a young man [who/that] likes swimming.(有一个喜欢游泳的年轻人)
2个简单句转复合从句,先找重叠的sb/sth作为先行词
There is a young man.He likes swimming.(这2个句子的a young man = He)
当从句的宾语是先行词,连接词可省略
There're people [who/that] I met during the trip.
宾语从句(主谓宾)
if条件句
真实(0,1)
真实0
用法:表示无条件,用于描述常规、真理、科学现象...
条件发生了,主句一定会发生
主句和从句都是一般现在时
If I heat the ice,it melts./The ice melts if I heat it.(如果我把冰加热了,它就会融化。)
真实1
用法:表示将来发生的可能性之一
主句是一般将来时/祈使句/一般现在时(委婉的征询许可),从句是一般现在时
If it rains,I'll stay at home./I'll stay at home if it rains.(如果下雨了,我将待在家里。)
If you are hungry,have something to eat.如果你饿了,可以吃点东西。
If the phone rings,would you answer it,pelase?(如果电话响了,你能回答下吗?)
would可替换为could/can/may/might/will
I'm sure/I believe/think/guess/afraid that...
连接词后紧跟的句子就是从句
主从位置不变,写作顺序可变
While she was reading,the phone rang.
The phone rang while she was reading.
When the phone rang,she was reading.
She was reading when the phone rang.
并列句
句子+and/but/or+句子(固定结构)
前后句子主语一致时,后者主语可省略
There be句型
表示”存在/不存在“,There +is/are+某物/人+某地/时.
关于句子
be from=come from
疑问句
Where are you from?/Where do you come from?/Where does he come from?
否定句
I am not from.../I don't come from.../He doesn't come from...
be always——>do sth very often
start/started doing(用ing较生动)
sth+costs+时间/金钱
表示这个东西花了多少钱(cost前只能加sth,不能加sb)
表示没有
no+名词
I have no money.
not any +名词
I don't have any money.
so开头,表示“肯定,也...”
So can I.
So be/do I.
Except+宾语,表示“除了...”
Except him.
有些短语动词后接宾语,put on my coat——>put my coat on;如果宾语是“it/them”,则只能put it/them on;
被问需要什么东西时的回答
Yes,please./No,thank you.
表示“有必要做某事”
need to do sth(need非情态动词)
have to和must(情态动词),have to比must更委婉一些,过去时不用must,用had to,因为must没有过去式。
当to+sb/地点时,to此时是介词,非动词不定式
句子+and than+句子(...然后...)
关于词
say的用法
XXX说
Tom said,'My son is ill today'.
Tom said that his son had been ill.
告诉XXX
He said to sb./He tell sb.
else的用法
What else do you want?/Who else...?/Where else...?
enough的用法
enough+名词
形容词+名词
of的用法
most/some/any/none +of+特指定冠词/代词
the
this/that/these/those/my/your
all/most/some/any/none+of+宾语(你们中的大多数)
it/them/us/you
too 和 very在句子中的区别:too(-)比较嫌弃;very(+)表示感谢时可以用,比较开心;
too+形容词
too+形容词——>not+形容词(反义词)+enough
too big——>not small enough
too+形容词+to do sth(有"不"的意思,表示"做不到/不想做...")
I'm too tired to go out.(我太累了,不想出去)
It's too early to go to bed.(太早了,不想睡觉)
too+形容词+for sb/sth(对于某人来说太...了)
too+形容词+for sb to do sth(有"不"的意思,表示"对于某人来说做不到/不想做...")
here、there前面没介词
yet的用法
表示“直到现在...”或“还...”,放句末,不仅仅用于现在完成时
every 与 all 的区别
every后跟的谓语动词用单三形式
Everybody has problem.
every day (每天)
all day(一整天)