谢孟媛文法
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谢孟媛文法
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
例如:book;pencil
有单数/复数之分
可数
具有一定的形状的个体
普通名词
集合名词
Bob; London; April
人名、地名等等
不加冠词的
the United States; the United nations
加定冠词the
第一个字母大写
专有名词
材料
食物
gas
air
气体
water
液体
....
一律用单数
a loaf of bread
a cup of coffee
a sheet of paper
a spoonful of sugar
计量:数字+容器(度量衡)+of+物质名词
不具有一定行政的物质名词
物质名词
beauty; patience
没有复数
不加a/an
原则上与“数”无关
观念、性质、动作、过程、状态
抽象名词
1、名词的种类
单数
books
book
dogs
dog
大部分
+s
字尾为 s、sh、、ch、x、o时
tomatoes
只加的s
例外:photos; pianos
字尾为子音+o时+es
+es
babies
baby
stories
story
ladies
lady
字尾为子音+y时
去y+ies
leaves
leaf
wives
wife
knives
knife
字尾为f货fe时
去f/fe+ves
变化规则
oxen
ox
children
child
+en; ren
man → men
woman → women
goose → geese
tooth → teeth
mouse → mice [maɪs]
改变母音
fish
deer
sheep
Chinese
Japanese
单复数同形
不规则变化
复数
2、名词的数
the boy's schoolbag
名词's
单数名词
a girls' school (一所女校)
名词s'
children's playground
women's activities
字尾非S的复数名词
复数名词
夫妻共有:Mr. and Mrs. Brown's
名词+名词+...+名词's
共同所有
名词+名词's+...+名词's
个别所有
the door of the car
the girl's name = the name of the girl
(无)生物所有格
She is going to the dentist's
所有格后面的名词如果和容易理解可以省略
特殊的
名词的所有格
名词
子音开头的单数名词前
a
母音开头的单数名词前
an
不定 a/an
定 the
冠词
Unit1:名称、冠词
We are happy
是(表状态)
She is in America
在(表存在)
含义
I am a boy
am
第一人称
You are my sons
are
第二人称
He is my student
is
第三人称/单数名词
陈述句
在be 后面加not
否定句
Yes,....
肯定
否定
回答
be动词提到前面
疑问句
用法
am、are、is
be动词
eat; walk...
日常生活中的具体动作
like; think....
抽象动作
I like dogs
We like dogs
第一、二人称与复数主语用原型
works、plays
发[s]/[z]
一般大部分动词加 s
goes、washes
字尾为o、s、sh、ch时加 es
cries(cry)、studies(study)
字尾子音+y时,去y加ies
※ have和has
第三人称与单数主语用三单形式
主句+一般动词
I do like dogs
第一二人称、复数主语
缩写:don't
do +not +动词原形
He doesn't like dogs
第三人称、单数主语
缩写:doesn't
does +not +动词原形
助动词
Do you visit your grandmother on Sundays?
Does he come from Englsnd?
Do/Does+主语+动词原形...?
助动词提前+动词原形
一般动词
Unit2:be动词、一般动词的现在式
表示过去时间中发生的状态
was
am / is
were
wasn't
was not
weren't
were not
回答也是 yes / no
将was / were 提到句首即可
一般疑问句
be动词的过去式
原形动词 → +ed
love→loved
原形动词后面有e → +d
plan → planned / stop → stopped
原形动词为子音+短母音+子音 → 重复字尾+ed
study → studied / cry → cried
原形动词字尾为子音+y → 去y+ied
规则变化
eat → ate
read → read
ride → rode
come → came
go → went
have → had
see → saw
teach → taught
give → gave
take → took
不分人称
He called you last night
He didn't call you last night
didn't
did +not +动词原形
Did his do his home work?
He did his home work.
did提到句首
一般动词的过去式
Unit3:be动词、一般动词的过去式
我
说话者
你
听话者
她/他/它
提及到的第三者
第三人称
人称
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
所有格
反身代名词
子主题
格
1、人称代词
参考人称代词的格
2、物主代词
3、反身代词
指示代词在句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
近
these
this
远
those
that
她很聪明,她的确如此
她很聪明,他也是
so
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。
Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming. 那些认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。
We had such grapes as you never saw. 我们有你从未见过的那种葡萄。
such...as...
Have you tasted any such food before?
such
一般前面都加 the
I'm the same weight as I was twenty years ago. 我现在的体重和20年前一样。
It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天从她那儿听到的一样。
We arrived at the same time as you did. 我们与你同时到达。
He is the same age as you are. 他和你同龄。
the same...as...
same
4、指示代词
只作宾语,句子主语都是复数
多于两人
They didn't talk to one another.
They meet one anotheronce a week.
We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。
表示“两者之间的相互”
each other
两个人
They didn't talk to each other.
We help each otherin our English learning.
表示“许多人之间的相互”
one another
We share each other's notes.
5、相互代词
one/ones
常用作复数
人或物
两者都
both
可数和不可数都可以
(三者以上)全部/所有
all
both/all 用于否定句表示部分否定
both/all
Do you know either of the visitor?
两者中无论哪一个都可以单只能选其中之一
either
本身否定所以不可以和not一起用
两者都不...
both的否定
neither
都可以做副词
either/neither
肯定句
some
条件句
any
some/any
other/another
none
several
most
6、不定代词
7、疑问代词
This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。
8、关系代词
9、连接代词
10、替代词
Unit4:代词(代名词)
onenote中的总结
Unit5:时态
Unit6:WH问句、祈使句、感叹句
第一辑
形容词的变化规则
Your article is longer than mine.
... than ...
Kevin is the older of the two boys.( Kevin 是两个男孩中年纪较大的)
Jack is the more active of the twins.
the +比较级 ... of the two...
...得多了
font color=\"#c41230\
... 更加
even+ 比较级
...一点
a little +比较级
修饰比较级
The story became more and more interesting
越来越...
比较级 and 比较级
越...越...
the 比较级,the 比较级
the man is more the 30 years old
超过
more than
the boy is less than 8 years old
少于
less than
其它
比较
比较级
Helen is the best student of all
the 最高级
Your hair is as long as mine.
This question is not so difficult as it seems
This question is not as difficult as it seems
和什么一样
as 原级 as
最高级
形容词
加er/est
字尾无ly
前面加more/most +副词
字尾有ly
变化
He can sing better than Lisa
比较级+ than
My father gets up (the) earliest of us all
To is the fastest boy of all
前面必须加the
adj
Tom runs (the) fastest of all
可以省略the
adv
adj & adv最高级比较
两者之间用比较级
三者或者以上用最高级
疑问词+比较
副词
Unit1:比较
It must be fun to buy things in flea market
To buy things in flea market must be fun
主语
I like to play baseball
afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)
后面必须用动词不定式做宾语的动词
宾语
My work is to prepare dinner
To see is to believe
表语
补语
He ask me not to tell her the truth
He didn't ask me to tell her the truth
否定不定式 → not to V
名词用法
I have a lot of thing to buy
My mother has a lot of housework to do every day
修饰名词
修饰something/anything/everything等代名词
形容词用法
I went there to buy notebooks
表示目的/原因等
副词用法
Which way to go is a big problem
做主语
做宾语
做补语
名词片语
疑问词+to+V
太...而不能
too + adj./adv. +to +V
My younger brother is old enough to go to school
够...可以...
...enough to +V
to + V
Unit2:不定词
To sleep ...
=
Sleeping eight hours a day is good for health
实时/已知
My work is washing cars
计划
My work is to wash cars
做表语
只能接动名词的谓语动词
He is interested in playing hide-and-seek
介词后面只能接动名词
去钓鱼
go fishing
go + V.ing
去爬山
go mountain climbing
去逛街
go window shopping
go + N. + V.ing
do +a lot of / a little +V.ing
无法知道那件事是谁做的
There is no knowing who did it
。。。是没有办法做到的
There is no + V.ing
V.ing
Unit3:动名词
动作进行
主动
现在分词
动作完成
被动
过去分词
Unit4:分词
Unit5:形容词
情状副词
频率副词
地方副词
时间副词
程度副词
Unit6:副词
状态系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度
持续系动词
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
用来表示\"看起来像\"这一概念
表像系动词
感官系动词
...起来
变得
表示主语变成什么样
变化系动词
表示主语已终止动作
终止系动词
系动词
实义动词
情态动词
Unit6:动词
第二辑
Unit1:现在完成时
isn't
aren't
don't
will not
won't
shouldn't
be动词和not要缩写
前肯后否
前否后肯
表示“询问事物”
附加问句读升调
只是“寻求对方认同”
附加问句读降调
反意疑问句
Unit2:附加问句
Unit3:被动语态
专门用于引导定语从句
Unit4:关系代名词
Unit5:间接问句
and
or
but
both...and...
not only... but also...
neither...nor...
either...or...
对等连接词
从属连接词
Unit6:连接词
Unit7:介系词
第三辑
初级文法
1、不定式
2、动名词
3、假设语气
4、否定
词类
片语
子句
片语及子句
1、主语 S
2、动词 V
3、受词 O
4、补语 C
5、修饰语
句子的要素
直述句
Yes/No问句
WH问句
选择问句
附加问句
修饰问句
间接问句
祈使句
What a shame!
What a day!
感叹句
按内容分
单句
对等连接词链接的子句
合句
Who did it is still a mystery.
从属连接词链接的主从子句
复句
复合句
按结构分
句子的种类
1、句子要素及种类
1、S+V
完全动词
2、S+V+C
不完全动词
不及物动词
3、S+V+O
4、S+V+O+O
5、S+V+O+C
及物动词
2、五大句型
原级
3、比较
4、疑问
1、名词与冠词
2、介系词
3、关系词
1、形容词
be/助动词之后;一般动词之前
修饰句子的副词
2、副词
现在分词 Ving
过去分词 p.p.
分词构句
3、分词
4、被动语态
第四辑
can/could
may/might
have to
must
will
would
过去习惯
used to
ought to
should
need
dare
1、助动词
2、特殊构句
人称代名词
指示代名词
不定代名词
疑问代名词
关系代名词
3、代名词
第五辑
1、时态
2、时态的一致及叙述法
3、连接词
第六辑
中级文法
谢孟媛英语文法
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