Innovation
2023-02-01 07:44:07 0 举报
AI智能生成
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1.Introdustion
Enterprise skills
Taking initiative to make timings happen
Intuitive decision-making
Connecting with people
Identifying opportunities
Creative Problem-solving
Strategic Thinking
Personal Effectiveness
Entrepreneurship skills
Estimation
Vetting Partner
Selling
Communication
Trial and Error
Research
Technological Prowess
2.Practising Creativity
Two major barriers
Rules and Traditions
Cognitive Biases
Elon Musk's Reasoning From First Principle Process
Ask a question
Gather evidence and do research
Develop hypotheses---assign true values to hypotheses
Draw conclusions--assign probability values
Attempt to disprove conclusion
if hypotheses is probably true
communicate results
creativity techniques
Storyboarding
Six thinking hats
white hat--information
red hat--intuition and feelings
black hat--caution
yellow hat--benefits and values
green hat--creative ideas
blue hat--managing the thinking process
SCAMPER
substitute
combine
adapt
modify
put to another use
eliminate
reverse
3.Understanding and Doing Innovation
types
Social Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Social innovation is a process through which ‘solutions’ to pressing and often systemic social and environmental issues are developed and launched to promote socio-economic development.
Frugal Innovation
a creative inventiveness due to limited resources and a ‘can do’ approach motivated by necessity.
Dark Innovation
Remaining competitive
Knowing your customers very well
Innovate around the technology
Look around the world for good ideas
4.Making entrepreneurial decisions with effectual thinking
logics of viewing the world
Casual -- Managerial Thinking
accumulate means necessary to achieve a pre-determined goal
Effectual -- Entrepreneural Thinking
imagine many possible new ends using a given set of means
The Bird-in-hand principle
who i am
what i know
who i know
four principles
Affordable Loss Principle
focus on the downside risk
Lemonade Principle
leverage contingencies
Patchwork Quilt
form partnerships
Pilot-in-the-plane Principle
control vs predict
5.Customer Research
Three methods for indirect customer research
keywords searches
online trends analysis
social sentiment
Three methods for direct customer research
observations--find pain points
participant
non-participant
interviews
check solution potential
features
potential end cost
delivery mechanism
focus groups
Pump priming with information on the product’s features and any background research
Letting them feel and/or see the product
Get the conversation rolling with an opening question
Moderating the discussion and ushering the participants from question to question
Assimilating understanding within closing remarks—summarizing what has been discussed
6.Applying Jobs-to-be-done for Framing Problems
Jobs-to-be-done
people do not buy products, they buy solutions that help them do jobs
J2BD-- what precise jobs do customers want done
types of jobs
Core functional jobs
metrics to deine
time, cost, barriers. situations, finance
System dependent jobs
customers would rather not do system dependent jobs
Opportunity will come from finding creative ways to improve on the most painful ones of these system jobs or entirely eradicate unnecessary ones in your new ‘solution.
Emotional Jobs
make customers feel good or avoid frustration and pains
Solution Decision Map
step1:Defining the Market
By observing and questioning a specific product’s consumption, define as many ‘core jobs’ and ‘customer group’ as you can. Ask yourself what goals does this product help the customer group to achieve?
Do these customer groups have particular ‘contexts’ that are noteworthy? Defining these contexts is not always required, but the context affects how each customer group will define the success metrics.
Select three to five of these ‘core jobs’ that you see as most attractive to your business idea. If you have lots of ‘core jobs’, it is likely you will need to select the few that are most relevant to your business idea. However, if there are lots of potential core jobs, then a jobs survey may be required to establish the most promising ones. Do the same for ‘customer groups’, that is, which groups of customers need the chosen ‘core jobs’ done most.
Now you are ready to think through how ‘core jobs’ success metrics relate to the ‘solution’ you are designing. Create a solution decision map (like the one in Figure 6.1) around each ‘core job’, its broad-based metrics, a list of likely solutions and the ‘system jobs’ for each solution
Evaluate each solution decision map using the evaluation questions
Which core job metrics are most problematic to the customer group in this specific context?
When the customer group is deciding on the solution to be consumed, are there any significant factors not defined by the core job success metrics which might bias the customer group towards a particular solution?
Which solution is most likely the ‘natural’ choice for this customer group and their core job and job context?
Which ‘system jobs’ does the customer group struggle to achieve?
How does the solution decision map change when other contexts are considered? What is the significance of these contexts?
step2:Sizing a Market
From where can I acquire my initial customers?
What is my venture’s realistic growth potential once an initial tranche of customers has been captured?
step3:Hypotheses Development
Hypotheses about the ‘core’ and ‘system’ jobs
what do you hypothesize are the unserved ‘core’ and ‘system’ jobs that your potential customers are trying to get done, but the solutions they use right now are suboptimal?
four steps to market size hypotheses development
Number of customers trying to get the job done
Job frequency
WTP (willing to pay) to get the job done
Context frequency
7.Designing New Value Propositions
New VP
The proposition’s ‘newness’ means that its target customer groups might be unfamiliar with it and that they would only begin to purchase or adopt it if they are convinced of the new value it would create from them.
three fundamental aspects
The ‘value gap’: The VP is aligned to the most important reason a customer group is struggling to get a job done.
The ‘value creation promise’: The new product or service (the VP) is evidenced as credible and believable and represents low personal risk for the customer if adopted. Personal risk includes wasted time, reputation damage and loss of money.
The ‘alignment between cost and WTP’: A credible pricing model that is aligned to various customer segments’ ‘WTP’.
VP Canvas
Value Gap
VP1
the define stage of the solution decision map
customer group
core job
core job context
VP2
further narrowing down the above three aspects
VP3
unsatisfied system jobs
The Value Creation Promise
viable method of filling the ‘value gap’ and getting the job done better or cheaper
promise to the customer that the defined solution is proven to ‘reliably’ get the job done better or cheaper.
8.Testing Value Propositions with Lean Start-up
Entrepreneurs are everywhere
Entrepreneurial management
Validated Learning
Innovation Accounting
Build-Measure-Learn
two high-level objectives of testing VPs
To validate any outstanding hypothesis from the market analysis and value creation promise
To move as fast as possible towards the goal of frictionless customer acquisition
VP objections and acceptance
Early adopters
Channels
Testing the VP through an MVP
risks
building the wrong product
building the product or feature set wrong
A VP Smoke Test
single webpages--asks the visitor to sign up to the product or service before the product or service is actually available
A sell-before-you-build campaign
confirming that this customer is willing to pay for your product
9.Pitching to Potential Investors
The Elevator Pitch
who are you
what you do
how you do it
what you deliver
who you work with
Preparing for the Formal Pitch
Venture's identity
Business overview
Core Team
Market research
Solution
Business model
Strategic relationships
Cpmpetition
Barriers to entry
Financial overview
Use of porceeds
Capital and valuation
Doing the Formal Pitch
Integrity
Passion
Experience
Knowledge
Skill
Leadership
Commitment
Vision
Realism
Coachability
10.Sales and Sales Management
Creating Awareness
Persuading Prospective Customers
free trails or introductory offers
product demonstrations
communicate scarcity of products
recruiting affiliates
launch event
Using WOM--word-of-mouth
Social Media Influencers
Advertising
display advertising
online advertising
pay-per-click advertising--PPC
online classified advertising
mobile advertising
email advertising
Feedback and Loyalty
customer feedback from your website
using analytics for on-site activity
social media
exploratory customer interviews
email and customer contact information
Developing a Sales Strategy
sales targets
measuring sales performance
customer profiles
product offerings
core product
basic benefits
actual product
appearance
augmented or extended product
service
Growing your market share
weak market position
identify a niche
strong market position
expansion strategy
differentiation
incremental innovation
cost leadership
economies of scale
11.Entrepreneurial Finance
source of finance
Internal Sources of Finance
personal savings
borrow from friends and family or resort to bootstrapping
Banks and Microfinance Instituions
Crowdfunding
Government Schemes
Business Angels and VCs
Components of a Financial Plan
Financial Indicatiors
profitability
liquidity
risks
operating risks
break-even point
financial risks
gearing ratios
Sales forecast
Income Statement
gross profit
operating profit
net profit
Balance Sheet
Cash flow statement
cash inflows
cash outflows
net cash flow
opening balance
closing balance
Business Valuation
assets
profits
mixed
12.Ethics and Professional Practice
Value
Values are essentially operating philosophies or principles that guide internal conduct within an organization as well as its external relationships with customers, partners and shareholders.
Vision
This vision should be ‘living’ and ‘breathing’—aspirational and motivate you and all the other involved stakeholders. The vision for your venture defines its purpose and creates a shared mental image of a desired future state for the enterprise.
Mission
It states what the business aims to achieve and how it will go about achieving it.
what we do
create solutions
how do we do it
whom do we do it for
why you do waht you do
Values-Based Identity
influenced by the values, vision and mission
Taking Social Responsibility
brand awareness and increased sales
development of new products
higher profiability from environmental mitigation
Reporting Ethical Values
social accounting
SAN- the social audi network
sustainability repoting guidelines
the global reporting initialtive
13.Implementation and Operations Management
entrepreneurial to managerial
Protecting your business idea
patents
trademarks
industrial designs
plant varieties
copyrights
geographical indications
layout design of a intergrated circuit
confidential information
Legal Form of Business
sole traders
partnerships
limited liability
Legal Forms of Social Enterprise
unincorporated associations
trusts
community-based enterprises
Taxation
corporation tax
income tax on employees
sales tax or value added tax--VAT or general sales tax--GST
Seeking Leagal Advice
Franchising
payments to a franchisor
disclosure fees
a recurring royalty for using the trademark
a specified percentage of the business sales
reimbursement of training and advisory services provided by franchisor
benefits
reduced risks of business failure
low awareness creating cost
benefit from advertising done by franchisor
receive support in the from of training
exclusive rights to your territory
obtaining start-up finance maybe easier
relationships with suppliers would have been established
failure rates are much lower for franchise business than independent business start-ups
risks
franchisor rules imposed by franchising authorities are becoming increasingly strict
hidden fees
franchises have strict rules on how you run your franchise, prices charged and the layout of your business
misleading average income figures
Searching for & Negotiating Franchising opportunities
Key Implementation & Operations Activities of Different Types of Businesses
The specific set of ‘implementation’ and ‘operations’ activities will depend largely on whether your business is
a. online
b. manufacturing-based
c. service
A General Business Plan Structure
cover
table of contents
executive summary
business description
industry analysis and market research
VP and customer profile
marketing plan
operations plan
management team
financing
financial projections
risks and mitigation strategies
implementation plan
appendices
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