考研英语翻译
2021-10-11 17:24:12 252 举报
AI智能生成
在考研英语翻译中,要求考生具备扎实的英语基础和较高的语言表达能力。翻译过程中需要准确理解原文的意思,同时注意语法、词汇和表达方式的准确性。此外,还需要注意文化差异和语言习惯的差异,以确保翻译结果符合目标语的语言规范和文化背景。在备考过程中,建议多读英文原著、报纸杂志等,积累词汇和语言表达经验;同时进行大量的翻译练习,不断提高自己的翻译水平和速度。最后,要保持耐心和恒心,不断努力提高自己的英语水平,才能在考研英语翻译中取得好成绩。
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
真题词汇<br>
固定翻译<br>
人名<br>
科学界<br>
Socratic 苏格拉底<br>
Charles Robert Darwin 达尔文<br>
Marie Curie 玛丽居里<br>
Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦
Stephen William Hawking 斯蒂芬 威廉 霍金
政治家
Clinton 克林顿<br>
Bush 布什<br>
Donald Trump 唐纳德·特朗普
企业
Toyota 丰田<br>
Honda 本田<br>
Twitter 推特<br>
WeChat 微信<br>
了解即可<br>
Boas and Sapir 鲍亚士 和 萨丕尔
Joshua Greenberg 格林伯格
Ted Ning 泰德宁
Galiloe 伽利略<br>
Greeks 希腊人<br>
Alan Gillbert 艾伦·吉尔伯特
地名<br>
maine 缅因州<br>
Silicon valley 硅谷<br>
Atlantic 大西洋<br>
Pacific Ocean 太平洋<br>
专有名词<br>
artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能
代词后指<br>
混淆易忘
9月
语法结构<br>
三大结构
定于从句<br>
结构<br>
六大特征
名词/名词性代词+引导词<br>
时间名词+when<br>
地点名词+where<br>
reason+why<br>
(as引导的限制性定语从句)<br><span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="the\space same ... as,such ... as,as...as,so...as" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span><br>
don't read such books as you can't understand = <br>don't read the books (that) you can't understand<br>
this is the book for which you asked<br>
介词+which/whom<br>
常见引导词
<br><span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="that,which,who,whom,whose" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span><br>
与同位语区分<br>
翻译顺序
前置<br>
方法
把定从内容<font color="#B71C1C">翻译</font>至它<font color="#B71C1C">所修饰的先行词前</font>,并常用<font color="#B71C1C">"的"</font>进行连接<br>
真题例句<br>
(2003, 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify // the environment <br><b>(in which they live),</b> thus subjecting all other life forms to their own <br>peculiar ideas and fancies.
(2004, 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have <br>since vanished, as the peoples<b> (who spoke them)</b> died out or became <br>assimilated and lost their native languages.
(2006, 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, <br>but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human <br>problems<b> (which involve moral judgment.)</b>
(2011, 46) 【插入语 -X-翻译方式】 <br>Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all <br>share--<b>that because we are not robots we therefore control our <br>thoughts</b>--and reveal its erroneous nature.<br>
后置
方法
<font color="#B71C1C">结构复杂,从句套从句,嵌套并列多</font><br>
<font color="#B71C1C">从句内容太多,如果前置则会太冗长,翻译不通顺</font>
真题例句<br>
(1997, 71) 【常考转述动词/there be 句型翻译】<br>Actually, it isn't, because it assumes<b> </b>that<b> </b>there is an agreed <br>account of human rights, (which is something the world does not have.)<br>
(2001, 73) 【人名地名翻译 / of 翻译方式】 <br>Pearson has pieced together (the work of <font color="#B71C1C">hundreds of</font> researchers <br>around the world) to produce a unique millennium technology calendar <b>(that <br>gives the latest dates <font color="#388E3C">when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs <br>and discoveries to take place.</font>)</b><br>
(2001, 71) 【单词引申的翻译方式 / 被动主动译】<br>There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars <br>with pollution monitors<b> (that will disable them when they offend.)</b><br>
(2005, 48) <br><font color="#B71C1C">This alone </font>demonstrates that the television business is not <br>an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics <b>(that show <br>that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a <br>loss <font color="#388E3C">in 1989.</font>)</b><br>
(2003,62) 【拆分找到考点】<br>Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry //<b>which <br>seeks to study humans and their endeavors<font color="#388E3C"> </font><font color="#388E3C">(in the same reasoned, orderly, <br>systematic, and dispassioned manner )</font>that natural scientists use for the <br>study of natural phenomena.</b><br>
(2008,50) I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Darwin was <br>convinced<b> that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, <br>but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to <br>the moral character.</b>
状语从句
时间状从
主要表现<br>
before(在…前)<br>after(在…后)<br>once(一旦…)<br>until, till(直到…才,如果不…)<br>as soon as(一…就)<br>
when(当…的时候)<br>whenever(每当…)<br><b>as(当…时,随着)</b><br>while(在…期间,正当…的时候,在…的同时)<br><b>since(自从…,从那之后)</b><br>
(since引导从句) 自从<br>It has been more than two years since we parted last time.<br>
(since单个副词作状语)从那之后<br>She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper.<br>
特殊表现
the moment, the minute(一…就),<br>immediately, every time(一…就),<br>no sooner... than(一…就),<br>hardly(scarcely)... when(一…就)<br>
翻译方法
<font color="#B71C1C"><font color="#000000">一般翻译到</font>主句之前</font>
真题例句<br>
(2001, 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, /and <br>cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them// <b>when they offend</b>. <br>
(2004, 61) The Greeks assumed //that the structure of language had <font color="#B71C1C">some </font><br><font color="#B71C1C">connection</font> with the process of thought, //which took root in Europe //<b>long </b><br><b>before people realized how diverse languages could be.</b>
原因状从<br>
主要表现<br>
because(因为)<br><b>since(既然,由于),<br>as(因为)</b><br>now that(既然)<br>
特殊表现<br>
seeing that, <br>considering that,<br>in view of the fact that<br>(既然,<font color="#B71C1C">考虑到</font>,因为,鉴于<br><b>in that</b>(因为,原因在于)<br>
<b>Seeing (that) </b>the weather is bad, we'll stay at home. <br>因为天气不好, 我们要呆在家里了.<br>
These two areas are similar<b> in that</b> they both have a high rainfall <br>during this season. <br>这两个地区之所以相似,是因为在这个季节降雨量都很高。
because of,on account of<br>due to ,thanks to<br>attribute to,owing to<br>for the reason...,as a result of<br>
翻译方法
一般需要把原因状语从句翻译<font color="#B71C1C"><b>到主句之前</b></font>,构成“前因后果”的顺序;<br>如果原因太长,有时候也可以采用<font color="#B71C1C"><b>后置“之所以…是因为”。</b></font><br>
真题例句<br>
(2002, 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change //partly <br>because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and <br>//partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.<br>
(2009, 49) Since our <font color="#B71C1C">chief business</font> with them is //to enable them to share <br>in a common life //we <font color="#B71C1C">cannot help considering</font> /whether or no we are forming <br>the powers// which will<font color="#B71C1C"> secure</font> this ability.
(2000, 73) <b>Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, <br>people everywhere are feeling new wants</b> //and are being exposed to new <br>customs and ideas, //while governments are often forced //to introduce <br>still further innovations for the reasons given above.
让步状从
主要表现
though(虽然),although(虽然),<br>even if(即使),<b><font color="#B71C1C">while(尽管),</font></b><br>whatever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),<br>whoever(无论谁),however(无论怎样),<br>whichever (无论哪一个),no matter(不论,不管),<br>whereas(但是,却,尽管),whether (不管,不论)
特殊表现
for all that(尽管)<br>in spite of the fact that,<br>despite the fact that(尽管)
翻译方法
形式主语翻译方法 <br>1)置于句首,用“…的是,…”的句型。<br>2)先翻译真正的主语部分,用“…,这是…的”的句型。<br> It is important for me to master translation.<br><b><font color="#B71C1C">对</font></b> 我 <b><font color="#B71C1C">而言</font></b> 掌握翻译 <font color="#B71C1C"><b>是</b> </font>很重要 <font color="#B71C1C"><b>的</b></font><br>
真题例句<br>
(2007, 50)<b> While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories</b>, <br>//<font color="#B71C1C">it is preferable for</font> journalists to// rely on their own notions of <br>significance //and make their own judgments.
条件状从
主要表现
if(如果),<br>unless(除非,如果不)
I will not go to the party unless I’m invited.<br>如果他们不邀请我,我不会去参加舞会的。<br><br>if only(但愿,要是...就好了)
特殊表现
on condition that(如果,只要)<br>as long as, so long as<br>
I’ll let you go on condition that you never waste money.<br>只要你不乱花钱,我就让你去。<br>As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.<br>只要你一直坚持努力,你肯定会成功。<br>
only, only that, only if(只要,只有)
I would do it with pleasure,only l am not too busy.<br>只要我不是太忙,我乐意干这项工作。
provided that, granted that,<br><font color="#B71C1C"><b>given that, </b></font>suppose that(如果,假如,假定)<br><b><font color="#B71C1C">providing that, </font></b>granting that, supposing that(如果,假如)<br>
Suppose it will rain tomorrow , what shall we do? <br>假如明天下雨,怎么办?<br>Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the <br>right career for her. <br>考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业.
翻译方法
翻译到<b><font color="#B71C1C">主句前</font></b>是最佳位置
真题例句<br>
(2010, 46) Scientists jumped to the rescue /with some distinctly shaky <br>evidence //<font color="#B71C1C">to the effect //that </font>insects would eat us up //if birds failed <br>to control them.<br>
(1998, 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, //that will be a triumph <br>for <font color="#B71C1C">yet another</font> scientific idea, //a refinement of the Big Bang called <br>the inflationary universe theory.<br>
目的状从
主要表现
so that(为了,以便),<br>lest(以防),<br>in case(以防,以免),<br>for fear that(以防)<br>in order that(为了)<br>
He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room<b> for fear that</b><br>he should awake her.<br>为了不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。
He emphasized it again and again, <b>lest</b> she should forget.<br>他反复强调这一点,免得她忘了。
(阅读真题2001年第5篇第8句)What has happened is that people cannot <br>confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, <br><b>lest</b> they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
翻译方法<br>
前用“为了”,后用“以免”
结果状从
主要表现
so...that, <br>such...that, <br>to such a degree that<br>to such an extent that
翻译方法
“<b>结果是…,如此...以致于...</b>”,直接翻译
被动结构<br>
主要表现
be+V-ed
基本原则<br>
英语多用被动,汉语多用主动
翻译方法
汉语用主动 <br>
主语不变,<b>省略“被”字</b>
<b>主宾颠倒,</b>用by, in等介词后面的动作执行者充当主语
翻译为汉语的判断句,<b>用“是…的</b>”这样的结构翻译
<b>用“我们…,有人….,人们….,大家…</b>”等泛指主语<br>或者<b>增加“这”</b>等词充当主语<br>
被动翻译使用<b>“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、<br>得到、受到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”</b>等等<br>
汉语仍保留被动
例句
其他结构
with结构<br>
长难句训练
3月<br>
1th week <br>
The social-media impact of the biggest hit in any genre / is <br>dramatically greater than that of any lesser hit, thanks to network effects<br>
The widespread availability of such recordings / has thus brought <br>about a crisis [ in the institution of the traditional classical concert ]<br>
2010 英一, Text 3 ><br>For a social epidemic to occur, however, [ each person<font color="#7B1FA2"> so affected</font> ] must <br>then influence his or her own <font color="#616161">acquaintances</font>, <font color="#B71C1C">who</font> <font color="#7B1FA2">must in turn influence</font> <br><font color="#B71C1C">theirs</font>, and so on; <font color="#4CAF50"><font color="#616161">and <font color="#E65100">just</font> how many others</font> </font>pay attention to [ each of <br><font color="#B71C1C">these</font> people <strike>(that)</strike> has little to do with the initial influential ].<br>
They found that / the pricipal requirement for / what is called "global cascades" <br>—— the widespread propagation of influence through networks —— is the<br>presence / not of a few influentials, but , rather , of a critical mass of easily influenced people.<br>
The IASB says /<font color="#616161"> it </font>does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure<br> to fold [ when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year ] is strong<br>
2th week<br>
[ <font color="#7B1FA2">The longest</font> <b>bull run</b> <font color="#7B1FA2">in a century of art-market history</font> ] <b>ended on</b> [ <font color="#7B1FA2">a dramatic</font> <br><b>note </b><font color="#7B1FA2">with a sale of 56 works / by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever<br> at Sotheby's in London on September 15th 2008</font>. ]<br>
But the market generates interest far beyond its size / because it brings together <br>great wealth, enormous egos, greed , passion ,and controversy in a way / matched<br> by few other industries.<br>
[ <b>Almost everyone</b> / who has interviewed for this special report ] <b>said that</b> [ the biggest <br>problem at the moment / is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. ]<br>
This episode crystallizes the irony / that although American men tend to talk more than <br>women in public situations, they often talk less at home.<br>
In short, [ <b>the image</b> / <font color="#7B1FA2">that best represents the current crisis</font> ] <b>is</b> <font color="#7B1FA2">the stereotypical</font> <b>cartoon <br>scene of man</b> <font color="#7B1FA2">sitting at the breakfast table / with a newspaper held up in front of his face, <br>while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.</font><br>
3th week<br>
The companies that Dr.Curtis <font color="#7B1FA2"><b>turned to</b></font> —— Procter&Gamble, Golgate-Palmolive <br>and Unilever —— had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the <b>subtle</b> <br>cues in consumers' lives that <b><font color="#616161">corporations</font></b> could use to introduce new routines<br>
Many Americans <b><font color="#7B1FA2">regard</font> </b>the <b>jury system</b> <b><font color="#7B1FA2">as</font></b> concrete expression of crucial democratic <br>values, including the priciples /that all citizens /who meet minimal qualifications of age <br>and <b>literacy </b>are equally competent to serve on juries<br>
18
19
20
4th week<br>
For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists <br>must compete <b><font color="#7B1FA2">not only</font></b> with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and <br>museums, <b><font color="#7B1FA2">but also</font></b> with the recorded performances of the great classcial musicians <br>of the 20th century.<br>
The financial crisis has made it more acceptable / to be<b> between jobs </b>or to leave a bad one.<br>
The way <font color="#E0E0E0">that <font color="#212121">consumers now <b>approach</b> the process of making purchase decisions <br>means that [ maketing's impact <b>stems from</b> a broad range of factors ] beyond <br>conventinal paid media.</font></font><br>
we define such <b>sold media</b> as <b>owned media</b> whose traffic is strong that other <br>organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.<br>
Toyota Motor, for examples, <b>alleviated</b> some damage from its <b>recall crisis</b><br> / earlier this year / with a relatively quick and <b>well-orchestrated </b>social-meida <br>response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers <br>directly on sites / such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.<br>
4月
1th week<br>
unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder / if they should't have bad kids,<br>but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that / children are the sigle<br>most important thing in the world : obviously their misery must be a direct result <br>of gaping baby-size holes in their lives.<br>
They found that / after a surprise departure, the probability that ( the company<br>will subsequently have to restate earnig ) increases by rearly 20%.<br>
But the reseachers believe that / outside directors have an easier time of<br>avoiding a blow to their reputations / if they have firm / before bad news breaks,<br>even if a review of history shows they were on the board / at the time every <br>wrongdoing occurred.<br>
The whirlwind / that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,<br>but much of the damage has been concentrated areas / where newspapers <br><strike>(that)</strike> least distinctive.<br>
we tend to think of ( the decades / immediately following World War Ⅱ ) as the time<br>of the prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off<br>to college on the G.I Bill and lining up at the marriage becureaus.<br>
2th week<br>
The phrase "less is more" was actually popularized by German , the architect<br>Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, / who like other people associated with the Bauhas, <br>a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and <br>took up posts at American archtecture schools.<br>
In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the <br>mechanical revolution would impact everyday life——few American families <br>acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers (倒装翻译)——<br>but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was <br>widely shared.<br>
Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies,weaker or stronger,<br>will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,<br>which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.<br>
It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, <br>among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;<br> in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.<br>
But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that / peer pressure can also <br>be a positive force through / what she calls the social cure, / in which organizations and officials <br>use the power of group dynamic to help individuals improve their lives and / possibly the world<br>
3th week<br>
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the <br>discovery of an underground pipe leakage, raised serious quesions about both Vermont<br>yankee's safety and Entergy's management - espcially after the company made misleading<br>statements about the pipe.<br>
The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that<br>states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the <br>Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.<br>
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to<br>be observed and collected by objective reseachers / who use the scientific method to <br>carry out their work.<br>
As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and the <br>confrontation between shared and competing belifs about the science and the <br>technology involved tansforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's<br>credible discovery.<br>
2012 T4 > Even though there is plenty of evidence / that the quality of the teachers is the <br>most important variable, teachers' unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones <br>and promoting good ones.<br>
4th week<br>
2012 T1> But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students / who do not do <br>their homework / because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the <br>implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children<br>
It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though <br>it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls's identity <br>to appearance.<br>
It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a <br>dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began<br>to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of ( what defined them as female) , at least for <br>the first few critical years.<br>
Critics make three main arguments against gene patents : a gene is a <br>product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress <br>innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access <br>to genetic tests such as Myriad's.<br>
The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests <br>that // not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed : <br>those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to // where they <br>otherwise would have been // if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses <br>beneath them that are left behind. <br>
5月
1th week<br>
Priestly explains // how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended <br>over the years // from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin <br>in which // the poor girl doubtless found her garment. <br>
These labels encourage style-conscious consumers // to see clothes as disposable<br>— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to <br>renew their wardrobe every few weeks.<br>
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, <br>no one knows which half.<br>
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a<br> "do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers<br> that they did not want to be followed. <br>
If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen<br> an indirect method : There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.<br>
2th week<br>
The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is <br>dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and <br>futurologists to explore // the many possibilities we can envisage. <br>
As so often, the past holds the key to the future : we have now identified enough <br>of the long-term patterns // shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to <br>make evidence-based forecasts about the situations // in which our descendants will <br>find themselves. <br>
In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates <br>a joke // from cotton country about // just how much a modern textile mill has been <br>automated : The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. <br>The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away <br>from the machines." <br>
Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces // that have recently appeared making <br>the point // that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining <br>middle-class incomes today // is largely because of the big drop in demand // because of <br>the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and <br>the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing <br>labor with machines or foreign workers. <br>
But the one thing we know for sure is that // with each advance in globalization and <br>the I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better <br>education to make themselves above average. <br>
3th week<br>
In a world // where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to <br>support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some <br>kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century // that ensures // that every American has access to <br>post-high school education. <br>
Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States <br>// came those // who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and <br>then go home.<br>
Looking // beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle <br>ground and understanding that // managing immigration today requires multiple paths <br>and multiple outcomes, // including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the <br>existing system.<br>
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging <br>whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to <br>react very quickly, within milliseconds.<br>
Scientists have found that // although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a <br>moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate <br>the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. <br>
4th week<br>
When women do break through // to the summit of corporate power —— as, for example, <br>Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook —— they attract massive attention precisely <br>because they remain the exception to the rule. <br>
Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and <br>start looking for work // will they be eligible for benefit and then // they should report weekly <br>rather than fortnightly. <br>
What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"—— protecting <br>the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that // only the most deserving claimants received <br>their benefits. <br>
Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about // redefining the unemployed // as a <br>"jobseeker" // who had no fundamental right to a benefit // he or she has earned through <br>making national insurance contributions.<br>
There is pressure for change // from within the profession, but opponents of change among <br>the regulators insist that // keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers // from the pressure <br>to make money rather than serve clients ethically. <br>
6月<br>
1th week<br>
But the <strike>Nobel Foundation's</strike> limit <strike>of three recipients per prize</strike>, <strike>each of whom must <br>still be living,</strike> has long been outgrown // <strike>by the collaborative nature of modern <br>research </strike>—— as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored // <br>when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. <br>
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking <br>that // it identify actions // that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, <br>universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national <br>excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."<br>
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in <br>research, the crafting of coherent curricula // that improve students' ability to solve <br>problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for <br>teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the <br>great challenges of the day. <br>
Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things <br>for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.<br>
Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others // can be seen <br>among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the <br>pleasure of most things for most people. <br>
2th week<br>
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what // they call the <br>"above average effect," or "illusory superiority," and shown that, for example, 70% <br>of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at <br>getting on well with others —— all obviously statistical impossibilities.<br>
When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, <br>jobs // that were once thought to be immune from automation // suddenly become <br>threatened. <br>
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, <br>which would have a significant impact // on the ability of registered providers to fund <br>new developments from revenues. <br>
At a time // when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality <br>and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre // that wealthy aristocratic <br>families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. <br>
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one // that <br>upsets the old assumption // that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects <br>// at the time of their arrest.<br>
3th week<br>
Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information <br>// in the 21st century // with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life <br>in the 20th : The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the <br>passenger car // then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital <br>information now.<br>
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said : "The creation of <br>the 'statistics board' was motivated by // concerns broadly with the application of statistics and <br>data analysis in scientific research and // is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility <br>in the research // we publish."<br>
This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a <br>larger group of publishing places // that may want to model their approach after Science."<br>
One of the astonishing revelations // was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on <br>in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact // that she never inquired how <br>the stories arrived. <br>
Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and <br>while they were at home and found it higher at // what is supposed to be a place of refuge. <br>
4th week<br>
With the blurring of roles, and the fact // that the home front lags well behind the workplace //<br>in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that // women are more stressed <br>at home<br>
This has created "a paradox" // in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching <br>many of them fail, means that // higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, <br>rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing <br>beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. <br>
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting <br>that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the <br>achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. <br>
Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact--was based on <br>the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential // but in practical <br>knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. <br>
The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about <br>why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title <br>has become a buzzword in its own right.<br>
7 月<br>
1th week<br>
In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office <br>speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work- and how your work <br>defines who you are.<br>
For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members <br>with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was <br>through a job that provided health insurance. <br>
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal // it sends <br>women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to <br>determine their individual worth. <br>
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities <br>like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or <br>wasp-waist physiques.<br>
While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and <br>the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has <br>limited political support. <br>
2th week<br>
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses <br>that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide <br>management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.<br>
Their analysis ruled out the possibility // that it was firms' political influence, rather than their <br>CSR stand, // that accounted for the leniency (修饰上句的 it): companies // that contributed <br>more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines. <br>
"We estimate // that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as <br>child labour, or increasing corporate giving // by about 20% // results in fines // that <br>generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," <br>says one researcher. <br>
The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks<br> —isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time // when online-only competitors don't have the <br>same set of financial constraints.<br>
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like <br>they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. <br>
3th week<br>
But we're going to have questions like that // where we have things we're doing // that don't <br>make sense // when the market changes and the world changes.<br>
Students also benefit from learning something about coding // before they get to <br>college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, <br>which can drive the less-experienced or less-determined students away.<br>
In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, <br>which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control <br>an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.<br>
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses <br>that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide <br>management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.<br>
Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally, <br>judging any given moment as well spent only in // so far as it advances progress toward <br>some goal.<br>
4th week<br>
"Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too---providing you dip in often enough, <br>so that reading becomes the default state from which // you temporarily surface to take care of <br>business, before dropping back down<br>
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize <br>personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly <br>changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to <br>agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, <br>and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the <br>survey found.<br>
真题训练笔记
2002<br>
2003<br>
订正<br>
全文翻译 上<br>
全文翻译 下<br>
生词难句<br>
翻译内容<br>
03,61)<br> Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the <br>environment in which they live, // thus <font color="#B71C1C">subjecting </font>all other life <br>forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.<br>
03,62)<br>Social science is that branch of <font color="#B71C1C">intellectual enquiry</font> // which seeks <br>to study humans and their endeavors // in the same reasoned,orderly,<br> systematic, and <font color="#B71C1C">dispassioned</font> manner // that natural scientists use for <br>the study of natural phenomena<br>
03,63)<br>The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, // combined with <br>across-cultural <font color="#B71C1C">perspective</font> // brought to the analysis of <font color="#B71C1C">cultures <br>past and present</font>,// makes this study a unique and distinctly <br>important social science.<br>
03,64)<br>Tylor defined culture as "…that complex whole // which includes belief, <br>art, morals,law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits // <font color="#B71C1C">acquired<br> by man</font> as a member of society."<br>
03,65)<br>Thus,the anthropological concept of "culture," like the <br>concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept <br>which makes possible<font color="#B71C1C"> immense amounts of</font> concrete <br>research and understanding.<br>
2004<br>
(61) The Greeks<font color="#B71C1C"> assumed</font> that the structure of language had some <br>connection with the process of thought, which<font color="#B71C1C"> took root in </font>Europe long before <br>people realized how diverse languages could be<br>
(62) We are <font color="#B71C1C">obliged </font><br>to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as <font color="#B71C1C">the peoples </font>who <br>spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.<br>
(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the <font color="#B71C1C">well studied</font> <br>languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas <br>and Sapir of fabricating their data.<br>
(64) <font color="#B71C1C">Being</font> interested in the relationship of language and thought, <br>Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure <br>of habitual thought in a society.<br>
(65)Whorf came to believe in <font color="#B71C1C">a sort <br>of </font>linguistic determinism which, in its<font color="#B71C1C"> strongest form</font>, states that language <br>imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce <br>far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.<br>
2005<br>
(46)Television <br>is one of the means // by which these feelings are<font color="#B71C1C"> created</font> and conveyed ——// and perhaps<br> never before has it<font color="#B71C1C"> served to much</font> to connect different peoples and nations // as in <br>the recent events in Europe<br>
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, <br>multi-media<font color="#B71C1C"> groups</font> have been increasingly successful; // groups which bring together <br>television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses // that <font color="#B71C1C">work in <br>relation to one another.</font><br>
(48) <font color="#000000"><b><i>1</i></b></font> <font color="#B71C1C">This alone </font><br>demonstrates /<b><i>2</i></b> that the <font color="#B71C1C">television business</font> is not an easy world to survive in, // <i><b>3</b></i> a fact <br>underlined by statistics //<b><i>4 </i></b>that show that / <i><b>5</b></i> out of eighty European television networks, <br>no less than 50% took a loss / <i><b>6 </b></i>in 1989.<br>
(49) <b><i>1 </i></b>Creating a “European<font color="#B71C1C"> identity</font>”// <b><i>2</i></b> that respects the different cultures and <br>traditions // <i><b>3 </b></i>which go to <font color="#B71C1C">make up</font> the connecting <font color="#B71C1C">fabric</font> of the <font color="#B71C1C">Old continent</font> /<i><b> 4</b></i> is no <br>easy task and demands a strategic choice<br>
(50) <i><b>1</b></i> In dealing <br>with a challenge <font color="#B71C1C">on such a scale</font>, //<i><b>2</b></i> it is no exaggeration to say “<font color="#B71C1C">Unity we stand, <br>divided we fall</font>”<br>
2006
(46)<i><b>1</b></i> I shall define him as an individual // <i><b>2</b></i> who has elected as his primary duty and <br><font color="#D32F2F">pleasure</font> in life /<i><b> 3</b></i> the activity of thinking / <i><b>4</b></i> in Socratic(苏格拉底) way / <i><b>5</b></i> about <br>moral problems<br>
翻译<b>修改</b><br>我要将那些从以苏格拉底方式思考道德问题的活动<br>选作为他在生活中的首要任务和快乐(<font color="#D32F2F">乐趣<font color="#000000">)</font></font>的人,定义为一个知识分子。<br>
(47) <i><b>1</b></i> His function <font color="#D32F2F">is analogous to</font> that of a <br><font color="#4CAF50">judge,</font> //<i><b>2</b></i> who must<font color="#D32F2F"> accept </font>the obligation of <font color="#4CAF50">revealing </font>/<i><b>3</b></i> <font color="#D32F2F">in </font><font color="#B71C1C"><font color="#D32F2F">as obviou<b><font color="#4CAF50"><font color="#D32F2F">s</font> a matter</font></b> as</font> </font><br><font color="#B71C1C">possible</font> <font color="#4CAF50">the course of reasoning</font> / <i><b>4 </b></i>which<font color="#D32F2F"> led him to his decision.</font><br>
翻译<b>修改<br></b>1-> 2-> 4 ->3<br><b><font color="#D32F2F">他的</font></b>作用是类似作为 <strike>一个</strike>(judge) <strike>评判</strike> 法官<strike><br>一个</strike><font color="#D32F2F"><b>他必须</b></font>(accept the obligation)<strike>接受</strike> <strike>揭露 </strike><b><font color="#D32F2F">承担</font><font color="#D32F2F">这样的</font></b>责任<strike>的人</strike>, <br>以一种(as obvious as possible)尽可能明显的方式<font color="#000000">(revealing)</font><b><font color="#D32F2F">揭露他</font></b><font color="#000000"><b><font color="#D32F2F">的</font></b></font><strike>课堂上质疑</strike>他<br><font color="#D32F2F"><font color="#000000">(led him to his decision) </font><b>做出决定的</b><font color="#000000">(the course of reasoning)</font></font><b><font color="#D32F2F">推理过程</font></b><br><strike>的方式</strike><strike>,而这也是引领他做出决定的方式 的方式</strike>。<br>
(48)<i><b>1</b></i> I have excluded him because, <i><b>2</b></i><font color="#D32F2F"> while</font> his accomplishments may <font color="#D32F2F">contribute <br>to</font> the solution of moral problems, // <i><b>3</b></i> he <font color="#4CAF50">has</font> <font color="#D32F2F">not </font><font color="#4CAF50">been charged / <i><b>4 </b></i>with</font> the task of <br>approaching <font color="#D32F2F">any but</font> the factual aspects of those problems.<br>
翻译<b>修改</b><br>我<font color="#4CAF50">之所以</font>已将他排除<b><font color="#D32F2F">在外</font></b>,<font color="#4CAF50">是因为</font>一方面他的成就可能( contribute <br>to) <strike>来源于</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>有助于</b></font> 道德问题的解决,<br>但 <strike>是 </strike> 他没 <strike>有因为任何研究的</strike> 承担的任务(not any but)<strike>而是</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>只不过是 </b></font><br><strike>具体 </strike>这些问题的 (factual aspects)<strike>具体方面</strike> <b><font color="#D32F2F">事实层面</font></b> <strike>而</strike>(been charged)<strike>被责备</strike>。<br>
(49) <i><b>1 </b></i>But his primary task is <font color="#D32F2F">not </font>to <br>think about(<i><b>2</b></i> the moral code, // which governs his activity) , <i><b>3</b></i> <font color="#D32F2F">any more than</font> a <br>businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of <br>conduct in business.<br>
翻译<b>修改</b><br>但是他的首要任务不是去思考那些管理他行为的道德准则,而(not any more than)<strike>不仅仅</strike> <br><font color="#D32F2F"><b>就如同不能</b></font>向一个商人期望于将他<strike> 全部 </strike> 精力致力探索在商业的执行规则<b><font color="#D32F2F">一样</font></b>。<br>
(50)<i><b> 1</b></i> They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,// <i><b>2</b></i> but <br>most of them make little or no independent<font color="#D32F2F"> reflections</font> (<i><b>3</b></i> on human problems / which <br>involve moral judgment.)<br>
翻译<b>修改</b><br>他们可<strike> 能 </strike> <b><font color="#D32F2F">以</font></b>教的很好,并且不仅仅为了他们自身的薪水。<br>但是他们大多数在涉及道德判断的人类问题上少有或者没有自己独立的思考<br>
2007
(46) Traditionally, <br><font color="#D32F2F">legal learning </font>has been viewed in such <font color="#D32F2F">institutions </font>the special <font color="#D32F2F">preserve</font> of <br>lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated<br>person.<br>
传统来讲,法律学习在这些<font color="#000000">(institutions)</font><strike>机构</strike> <b><font color="#D32F2F">学校</font></b> 被视作律视的(special preserve) <strike>特殊培养</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>特殊权利</b></font>,<br>而不是一一个受教育的人的(intellectual equipment)知识 <strike>组成</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>储备</b></font>所必要的部分。<br>
(47) <i><b>1 </b></i>On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities<i><b> 2</b></i> ( in a<br>manner // which<font color="#D32F2F"> is parallel to</font> the links journalists forge <font color="#D32F2F">on a daily basis</font> as they<br>cover and comment on the news)<br>
另一方面,它将这些概念与每天的现实内容相 (link to) <strike> 连接</strike> 联系,通过一种方法,<br>与新闻记者在他们(on a daily basis)<b><font color="#D32F2F">每天</font></b>报道和评论这些新闻一样,<strike>连接</strike><strike>基于每天的基本日常</strike>。<br>
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more<br>profoundly than an ordinary citizen <font color="#D32F2F">rests on</font> an understanding of<font color="#D32F2F"> the established<br>conventions</font> and special responsibilities of the news media.<br>
但有<strike>某个观点表示</strike>,(the idea that) <b><font color="#D32F2F">有观点认为</font></b>新闻记者必须比一般市民更深入的理解法律<br>(rest on)<b><font color="#D32F2F">立足于</font></b>在(established conventions)<strike> 建设的会议 </strike><b><font color="#D32F2F">既定规约</font></b> <br>和特殊的新媒体责任上的<strike>更深入的理解法律</strike>。<br>
(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have<font color="#D32F2F"> a clear<br>grasp of the basic features </font>of the Canadian Constitution can do a<font color="#D32F2F"> competent job </font>on<br>political <font color="#D32F2F">stories.</font><br>
实际上,还是<strike>很困难的理解</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>很难明白</b></font>这些对加拿大宪法的基本特征没有(have a clear<br>grasp)一个<strike>明确要点</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>清晰理解</b></font>的新闻记者如何(competent job)<font color="#D32F2F"><b>胜任</b></font><br>政治(stories)<strike>内容</strike><font color="#D32F2F"><b> 新闻</b></font><strike>上 做出</strike><strike>出色</strike> 的报道。<br>
(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers<br>may <font color="#D32F2F">enhance stories,</font> it <font color="#D32F2F">is preferable for </font>journalists to<font color="#D32F2F"> rely on </font>their own notions of<br>significance and make their own judgments.<br>
虽然来自于律师的评论和反应可能会(enhance stories)增强<strike>故事性</strike><font color="#D32F2F"><b>报道质量</b></font>,<br>但对于新闻记者而言,(it is preferable for)<strike>更倾向于</strike> <font color="#D32F2F"><b>最好以</b></font>他们自身的价值观和做出其自己的判断。<br>
2008<br>
订正<br>
生词短语<br>
全文翻译上<br>
全文翻译下
练习<br>
(46) he believes that this<font color="#B71C1C"> very </font><br>difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long <br>and<font color="#D32F2F"> <font color="#B71C1C">intently</font></font><font color="#B71C1C"> </font>about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in <br><font color="#B71C1C">reasoning</font> and in his own observations.<br>
达尔文相信<strike> 这种极其 </strike><font color="#B71C1C">(very)恰好是</font>这样艰巨的困难,可能以使得<strike>补偿他一个强制</strike>他具有一个<font color="#B71C1C">(compensating advantage)弥补性</font>的优势,<br>迫使他对每一句话去思考更久和<strike>更仔细</strike><font color="#B71C1C">更专心的</font>(intently)的优点,因此使得他具有在能够在自己观察和推理找出错误的能力<br>
(47) He asserted, also, that his power to <font color="#B71C1C">follow</font> <font color="#388E3C">a</font> (long and <font color="#B71C1C">purely</font> abstract)<font color="#388E3C"> train</font> <br><font color="#388E3C">of</font> thought was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he <br>never could have succeeded with mathematics.<br>
他也同样断言到,他的去跟上(<font color="#B71C1C">follow 进行</font>)一<strike> 个</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">系列</font>冗长和<strike>绝对</strike>(<font color="#B71C1C">存粹 purely</font>)抽象的<strike>思考列车</strike><br>(<font color="#B71C1C">a train of thought 一系列/连串..思考/思路</font>)的能力是非常有限的,这也是他为什么他确定认为自己永远不能在数学上获得成功的原因。<br>
(48) On the other hand, he did <br><font color="#388E3C">not</font> accept as <font color="#388E3C">well </font><font color="#D32F2F"><font color="#388E3C">founded</font> the charge</font> made by some of his critics that, <br>while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.<br>
另一方面,他也没有<strike>接受</strike> (<font color="#B71C1C">认为 accept</font>)一些对由一些评论家对他的指责(charge) 是<font color="#B71C1C">没有事实依据的(not as well founded),</font> <br>即他是一个好的观察者但没有推理的能力。<br>
(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was <br>"superior to the<font color="#D32F2F"> common run</font> of men in noticing things which <font color="#B71C1C">easily escape <br>attention,</font> and in observing them carefully."<br>
他谦逊地补充道,他可能比一般人(<font color="#B71C1C">commom run of men</font>)在注意<strike> 事情时</strike> 容易 <strike> 出神 </strike><font color="#B71C1C">被忽略(escape attention)</font>的 事情时 <br><strike>普遍问题要更好</strike><font color="#B71C1C"><font color="#000000"> 并且自己在更加仔细关注时<font color="#B71C1C">的方面</font>,更有</font>优势(superior to 优于)</font><br>
(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of <br>these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to <br>the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.<br>
达尔文确定这些兴趣的缺失,不仅仅是一种幸福的损失,但可能同时是一种对<strike>心智</strike><font color="#B71C1C"> 智力(intellectual)</font>的损害<br>,以及<font color="#B71C1C">更可能</font>对道德<strike>人格</strike><font color="#B71C1C">(character 品质)</font>的伤害。<br>
2009
订正
生词短语
全文翻译 上<br>
全文翻译 下
练习
(46) It may be said that<font color="#B71C1C"> the measure of</font> the <br>worth of any social <font color="#B71C1C">institution</font> is its effect in <font color="#B71C1C">enlarging and improving</font> experience, <br>but this<font color="#B71C1C"> effect </font>is not a part of its original motive<br>
可能会说任何社会<strike>学院</strike><font color="#B71C1C"> 机构(institution)</font>价值的<strike>检测方法</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">衡量标准(the measure of) </font>是它在<br><strike>扩大和促进 </strike><font color="#B71C1C">丰富和完善</font>(enlarging and improving experience)个人经历的影响<br>但是这种 <strike>影响</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">作用(effect) </font>已不再是其原有动机的一部分。<br>
(47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and <font color="#B71C1C">only <br>more gradually still</font> was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct <br>of the institution.<br>
一<strike>般 </strike> <font color="#B71C1C">逐渐地(gradually) </font><strike>仅提到</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">才(only)注意到(note)</font>这些学院的负面效果,<br><strike>更一般的</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">并且</font> <font color="#B71C1C">这种作用(was this effect)</font>被认为一种<strike>直接的</strike>指导性(directive)因素在机构的执行中<strike> 的效果 <br></strike><font color="#B71C1C">这一过程更为缓慢 (<font color="#B71C1C">only more gradually still</font> )</font><br>
(48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact <br>with them the effect of our acts upon their <font color="#D32F2F">disposition</font>, it is not so easy as in <br>dealing with adults.<br>
虽在我们与年轻人的接触中很容易去忽视我们的行为对他们性情的影响,但在与成年人打交道中,却不那么容易被忽略。<br>
(49) Since our chief business with them is <br>to enable them to share in a <font color="#B71C1C">common life we</font> cannot help considering whether or <br>no we are forming the powers which will <font color="#B71C1C">secure </font>this ability.<br>
由于我们的主要任务是是他们具有在<strike> 日常生活</strike><font color="#B71C1C"> 共同生活 (common life)</font> 中有分享的能力,<br>我们也不禁去思考,我们是否具有正在形成这样一种能够确保他们达到这种能力的力量<br>
(50) We are thus<font color="#B71C1C"> led to </font>distinguish, within the <font color="#B71C1C">broad</font> educational process <br>which we have been <font color="#B71C1C">so far</font> considering, a more formal kind of education<br>—— that of direct <font color="#B71C1C">tuition </font>or schooling.<br>
我们因此正 <strike>导致</strike><font color="#B71C1C"> 得以(be led to do)</font> <strike>一种</strike> 区分,在那些 <strike>广阔 </strike> <font color="#B71C1C">广泛(broad)</font>的教育进程,我们至今为止<font color="#B71C1C">(so far 一直)</font>所考虑的,<br>一种更加正式的教育<font color="#B71C1C">形式</font>——直接的<strike>家教</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">讲授(tuition) </font>或者学校 <strike>管理</strike> <font color="#B71C1C">教育 </font><br>
2010<br>
科学家急忙用一些明显站不住脚的证据取拯救这种鸟,证据大意是说如果这些鸟不能控制虫子,昆虫就会将我们吃光<br>
但是我们至少更接近承认鸟类应该以大约独特的权力而继续存在,无论其是否对我们有经济上好处<br>
过去生物学家总是对证据有点过渡加工,内容是这些生物通过杀死身体虚弱的或者他们只捕猎"没有价值"的物种
欧洲有更加的先进生态的森林,非商用的数中被是视为本地森林群落其中一个成员,被同样理性的保护<br>
许多在山地群落中缺乏商业价值的元素倾向于被忽略,并且因此最终被消除,但是他们也是对山地群落健康功能性所必要的部分。
2011
订正<br>
全文翻译 上<br>
全文翻译 下<br>
练习<br>
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that <br>because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature.<br>
"因为我们不是机器人,所以我们能够控制我们的思维",<br>艾伦的贡献便是将我们所共享的这一观点提出,并且揭露其错误的本质<br>
(47) while we may be able<br>to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we<br>are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”<br>
我们一方面可以通过单独的意识思维维持控制的幻想,<br>同时在现实中我们正在持续的面对这一个问题:"为什么我不能使自己做到那样或者完成那种行为"<br>
(48) This seems a justification for neglect of <br>those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at <br>the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.<br>
这似乎是一种对于那些在需求中被忽视的一个判决,并且且个是一个对那些在顶端拥有至高无上权力者,以及处于底层的卑微者理性化的探索,
(49) circumstances seem to be designed <br>to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then <br>we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.<br>
事实上,环境似乎设计为将我们最好的一面所展现出来,并且如果我们感觉到我们被错误的理解了,那么我们就不回去开始一种有时是的去逃离我们的环境。
(50) The upside is the possibilities <br>contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in <br>the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.<br>
这个观点是一种可能,包含我们所指的所有事情都由我们自己决定;我们之前所经历的一系列限制,现在我们成为了所有可能的权力。
题型/分值<br>
分值<br>总共 10 分, 2分/句<br>
题型<br>文章截取 5 句话<br>
命题原则 <br>不具时效性,来源于专业著作(多)或期刊论文(少)<br>
最难年份<br>1998,1999,2011,2012,2013<br>
时间规划<br>总共控制在 <font color="#B71C1C">25min</font> 以内,平均每句5min<br>
考点/评分标准
三大法则<br>
准确/<b>大意相同</b>
可蒙原意思<br>
通顺/<b>说人话</b>
学会调整语序,熟意引申,可以适当增加额外词语使得连接通顺<br>
<b>完整</b>
要有句子完整结构<br>
书写<br>
只要不各种涂抹,就不会扣分<br>
考点<br>
单词
专有名词<br>
词组
多义词
句子结构<br>
四大结构<br>
定从、状从、被动、并列
分析<br>
主干、词性、主句、从句、结构
例句<br>
(2010 年 46 题,25 words)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some <br>distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if <br>birds failed to control them.
训练方法
是否只做真题就够?<br>
怎么训练?
前期怎么学习?<br>
解题步骤
语境<br>
快速扫读<br>
完整
成句(句内)<br>
08,50)<br>I have also almost lost my <b>taste </b>for pictures or music. 50) Darwin was <br><b>convinced</b> that the <b>loss</b> of these tastes was not only a <b>loss </b>of happiness, <br>but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to <br>the moral character<br>
(0546)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are <b>created <br>and conveyed,</b> and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect <br>different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe
(0646)I shall define him as an individual <b>who</b> has elected as his primary <br>duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉<br>底) way about moral problems
成段(句间)
先主后次<br>
分析结构
准确/通顺
改中文<br>
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