酸碱理论
电离<br><span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="\text{H}_2\text{O}\rightleftharpoons \text{H}^++\text{OH}^-" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>
质子理论:给出质子的为酸，接受质子的为碱
电子理论：酸接受电子对，碱给出电子对
酸碱平衡建立
酸常数: <span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="K_a^{\ominus}" style=""><span></span><span></span></span>
碱常数: <span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="K_b^{\ominus}"><span></span><span></span></span>
电离度(平衡转化率): <span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="\alpha = \sqrt{\frac{K_a^{\ominus}}{c_0/c^{\ominus}}}\times100\%"><span></span><span></span></span>
近似小技巧
<span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="K_w^{\ominus}=K_a^{\ominus}K_b^{\ominus}=1.0\times10^{-14} \quad T=298K" style=""><span></span><span></span></span>
<span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="pH = -\log\Big(\frac{c_{\text{eq,H}^+}}{c^{\ominus}}\Big)=14-pOH" style=""><span></span><span></span></span>
多元弱酸电离平衡
分步电离
<span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="K_{a_1}^{\ominus}\gg K_{a_2}^{\ominus}\gg K_{a_3}^{\ominus}\cdots" style=""><span></span><span></span></span>
