成分
主语
是陈述的对象，或执行的主体
eg: He bought a book. (He)
谓语
对主语动作或者状态进行陈述或说明；即作什么，是什么，怎么样
eg: He bought a book. (bought)
宾语
表示动作，行为的对象或承受者，位于介词或及物动词后
eg: He bought a book. (a book)
表语
用来说明主语的身份，特征，性质或状态；常在系动词后面
eg: He is smart. (smart)
补语
对句子主语或宾语的补充说明
Sam gave his brother a pen. (a pen)
定语
用来修饰，限定，说明名词或者代词的品质与特征
eg：There is a beautiful flower on desk. (beautiful)
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子；说明原因，时间，地点，方式，结果，目的，条件，程度等伴随条件
eg: Yesterday, James bought a book at bookstore. (yesterday 时间状语，at bookstore 地点状语)
同位语
对名词或者代词进行解释或者补充说明；一般位于名词或代词之后，用逗号隔开
eg: Sam bought his brother James a book. (James)
感叹语
表示说话人强烈的感情色彩
eg: God! it is raining heavily, hurry up! (god, hurry up)
呼语
说话人对听话人的称呼
eg: Would you like a cup of team, madam? (madam)
插入语
在句子中插入表示说话人的态度，或者对所表达的内容的补充，强调，解释词短语或句子
eg: In fact, James bought his sister a book. (in fact)
