NY court system 纽约法院体系
2024-03-30 00:43:14 0 举报AI智能生成
按照原讼法院和上诉法院整理了纽约复杂的法院体系和其对应的管辖权
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
trial court及管辖权
[我肯定先看是要在当地，
还是要去到州里；但你不能说
谁是谁的上级法院之类的]
[我肯定先看是要在当地，
还是要去到州里；但你不能说
谁是谁的上级法院之类的]
(按地域范围)Town/Village级别的
Town/Village
Justice Courts
Justice Courts
标准三
civil
标准
actions and proceedings for the recovery of money or chattels where the amount sought to be recovered or the value ofthe property does not exceed $3.000
summary proceedings for eviction.
其中，small claim parts处理
monetary actions of $3,000 or less with simplified procedures
criminal
preliminary jurisdiction of all offenses
trial jurisdiction of misdemeanors and violations
(按地域范围) 市区级别的
City Courts
(NYC不是这个级别的；
只有Nassau和Suffolk这两个
counties下设 District Courts，
其他counties是city courts)
(NYC不是这个级别的；
只有Nassau和Suffolk这两个
counties下设 District Courts，
其他counties是city courts)
标准三
civil
金钱索偿
金额不超$15,000
一般案件；housing matters等
[与New York City Civil Court有点类似，
见下文]
[与New York City Civil Court有点类似，
见下文]
criminal
[在这点上和Town/
Village没有区别]
[在这点上和Town/
Village没有区别]
preliminary jurisdiction of all offenses
trial jurisdiction of misdemeanors and violations
(按地域范围)县/郡级别的
county courts
标准三
civil
类型一：金钱索偿
(1) 金额不超$25,000
且(2)
(a) every defendant resides in the county； 或者
(b) a defendant has an office for transaction of business within the county and the cause of action arose in the county；或者
(c) the defendant is a foreign corporation doing business within the county and the cause of action arose in the county
类型二：county 内不动产相关诉讼，不论金额大小，
不论当事人与NY State的Contact， 包括（但不限于）
不论当事人与NY State的Contact， 包括（但不限于）
驱逐的简易程序
其他程序
the partition of real property
the foreclosure of a mortgage
specific performance of a contract
enforcement or foreclosure of a mechanic's lien
reformation or rescission of a deed, contract or mortgage
to compel the determination of a claim to real property under Article 15 of the Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law
类型三：Guardianship proceedings under Article 81 of the Mental Hygiene Law
criminal
理论上可以管所有
实际上它主要接
felonies
Surrogate's Court
[遗嘱检验法院；算是
一个专门法院]
[遗嘱检验法院；算是
一个专门法院]
标准一
has full equity powers in matters over Which it has jurisdiction.
标准二
exclusive jurisdiction
the probate of wills,administration of estates, lifetime trusts, and guardianship of the property of minors
concurrent jurisdiction
with the Family Court over adoptions
over the allocation and distribution of the proceeds of a wrongful death action
但是不可以直接在这个court提起a wrongful death action；只是对
某一个问题具有共同管辖权
某一个问题具有共同管辖权
Family Court
[算是
一个专门法院]
[算是
一个专门法院]
标准二
exclusive jurisdiction
child abuse and neglect proceedings
proceedings to determine paternity
proceedings for the permanent termination of parental rights
person-in-need-of-supervislon (PINS) proceedings
family offense proceedings
但其一部分concutrrent and simultaneous with the criminal courts
juvenile delinquency proceedings
adoptions
但其一部分concutrrent with Surrogate's Court
dependent support proceedings
排除离婚程序中的child or spousal support问题
[Supreme Court - exclusive jurisdiction over matrimonial actions]
[Supreme Court - exclusive jurisdiction over matrimonial actions]
排除post-divorce Issues
[concurrent post-divorce jurisdiction with Supreme Court]
[concurrent post-divorce jurisdiction with Supreme Court]
may enforce or modify an underlying support order issued by Supreme Court.
(按地域范围) NYC(相当于
5个County联合体)里的
一些特别法院
5个County联合体)里的
一些特别法院
New York City Civil Court
（有点类似于county court的平替；
只是管辖范围限于民事案件；
在五个行政区都设有branches
（综合branches,民事+刑事之类的）；）
（有点类似于county court的平替；
只是管辖范围限于民事案件；
在五个行政区都设有branches
（综合branches,民事+刑事之类的）；）
标准三
civil
金钱索偿
金额不超$25,000
普通民事法庭（General Civil）
within NYC
amount sought to be recovered does not exceed $25,000
住房法庭（Housing）
landlords and tenants 纠纷，housing and building code violations
without regard to any dollar amount, including summary proceedings for eviction, and various actions and proceedings
小额索赔法庭（Small Claims）
金额不超$5,000
简易程序simplified procedures
New York City Criminal Court
（有点类似于county court的平替；
但管辖范围限于刑事案件；而且
不能审重罪，重罪delegate给
Supreme Court了。
在五个行政区都设有branches
（综合branches,民事+刑事之类的）；）
（有点类似于county court的平替；
但管辖范围限于刑事案件；而且
不能审重罪，重罪delegate给
Supreme Court了。
在五个行政区都设有branches
（综合branches,民事+刑事之类的）；）
标准三
criminal
只审理misdemeanors和violations
(按地域范围)州级别的
supreme court
general jurisdiction
标准一
cases in law
cases in equity
标准二
exclusive jurisdiction
matrimonial actions and wrongful death claims.
concurrent jurisdiction
标准三
civil
commercial division
claims meeting a minimum monetary threshold and involving a multitude of commercial disputes
可以申请assign到这个division，它有specific rules
criminal
理论上可以管所有
实际上它只接
felonies in New York City
Domestic Violence or Integrated Domestic Violence Parts anywhere in New York
其他的都给NYC或者相应的county court
标准四
jury trails
bench trials
court of claims
(一个专门法院吧)
(一个专门法院吧)
标准一
just cases in law
标准二
just exclusive jurisdiction
court and contract claims against the state of NY
标准四
just bench trials
appellate courts 及管辖权
appellate division of Supreme Court
First Judicial Department
标准三
Both criminal and civil
Appellate Term of the Supreme Court
fwo counties within New York City
Manhattan & Bronx
appeals from the Civil Court of New York City
Second Judicial Department
标准三
Both criminal and civil
Appellate Term of the Supreme Court
three counties within New York City and seven other counties
appeals from the Civil Court of New York City
appeals from district county, city, town, and village courts
Third Judicial Department
标准三
Both criminal and civil
Fourth Judicial Department
标准三
Both criminal and civil
court of appeals
州的最高法院/终审法院
州的最高法院/终审法院
appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases and in civil cases
只审查questions of law（事实问题需要由下级法院审理）
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