过去完成体的用法
“已完成”用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经完成或结束
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.(had already died(过去的过去)先于 flew 完成)
“未完成”用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且到那时还未结束,仍有继续下去的可能性
By six o'clock they had worked twelve hours.(只是说到六点已经工作了12小时,并没有说已经结束工作,还有继续工作下去的可能性)
在由 when/before/after/until 等从属连词引导的分句中
先后发生的事件
When l reached the station, the train had already left.(had already left(先),reached (后))
l reached the station after the train had left.
想象性用法 可表示与过去事态相反的主观设想
用于由 if, only, as if引l导的分句中
l wish/l'd rather 后的that分句(与过去相反)
except, hope 等(过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图)