Kingdom Animalia

Multicellularity

Single-cell Ancestor

A flexible axis. Present in Embryo. Replaced by Vertebal Column.

Medusa(Upside-down bowl Shape):MotileSexual

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System

Larvae: BilateralAdult: Radial

Radial Symmetry

Notochord

Sponge(Porifera)

Cnidarians

Arthropods

Tissues

Three Germ Layers

Planaria

Diploblastic:Ectoderm + EndodermMesoglea: connection

Coelom

Flat Worms(Platyhelminthes)

Echinoderms

Cephalization

Pharyngeal gill slit

Bilateral Symemetry

Roundworms (Nemarodes)

1. Bilateral and Coelomate2. Digestive system: A tube within a tube; Crop (嗉囊) + Gizzard (砂囊) + Intestine3. Closed circulatory4. Nephridia: Excrete Urea5. Hermaphrodite

Basic structure of nervous system

Annelida(Annelids)

Mouth + Anus

Tail beyond digestive tract

Special Structures

Dorsal Nerve Cord

Primitive: RadialComlex: Bilateral(Many Triploblastic)

Gastrovascular cavity

1. Acoelomates: Digestive Cavity (Flatworms)2. Pseudocoelomate: Not completely lined with mesoderm (Nemarodes)3. Coelomate: With real coelom

Pseudocoelom

DeuterostomeDevelopment

1. Bilateral2. No respiratory or circulatory systems (Sheer Diffusion)3. Parasitic

Body Shape

1. Bilateral2. Open circulatory; Blood flows in Hemocoels or Sinuses

1. No symmetry2. No nerve or muscles3. Sessile4. Fragmentation or sexual reproduction5. Most are Hermaphroditic (Male And Female... Like Pea Flowers)

Tail behind anus: Motor and Balance.Human's COCCYX BONE is from tail

Extra-cellular Digestion+Lysosomes

Chordates

Direct Exchange of substances;Waste product: NH3

Mollusca(Mollusks)

Polyp Form(Vase Shape):SessileBudding

Peristom + 肠腔

Protosome Development