<div>海洋卫星微波遥感技术发展现状与展望</div>
主被动微波遥感
海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature，SST）
海面矢量风（Ocean Vector Wind，OVW）
海面高度（Sea Surface Height,SSH）
海表盐度（Sea Surface Salinity，SSS）
海冰
卫星系列
“雨云”5号（Nimbus-5）
1992年英法联合TOPEX/Poseidon卫星（T/P卫星）
1999美国主动式微波散射计专用卫星QuickSCAT
2002AQUA搭载微波辐射计AMSR
2011中国海洋二号（HY-2A）
多通道微波辐射计
雷达高度计
微波散射计
海洋微波遥感特性
全天候
不受云层影响
降水中的雨滴远大于云层水滴，对微波影响不可忽略
气溶胶无影响，而热红外波段会受气溶胶影响产生冷偏差
微波辐射计海表温度观测
SST是影响水循环和能量循环重要参数，对于台风和全球气候研究有重要意义
AMSR SST分辨率较低，50KM
AMSR SST无法观测约75km宽海岸带
<div>由于微波接收天线旁瓣受到陆地的污染</div>
雷达高度计的海平面高度观测
欧空局ENVISAT，RA-2雷达高度计
太阳同步轨道，含有太阳潮、电离层、大气潮混频信息
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Satellite radar altimetry water elevations performance<br>over a 200 m wide river: evaluation over the Garonne River卫星雷达高度计在超200m河流高程观测中的表现</span>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:<br>baseline"><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">最近的二十年卫星雷达高度计被成功应用于监测海洋表面高程，最近五到十年，有一部分用于监测小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">500m</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">宽的河流和小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">10</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">平方公里的湖泊。当前的研究要将星下高度应用于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">200M</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">甚至更小的宽度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.75pt;margin-left:<br>0cm;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">DIODE/DEM</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">工作模式下，通过精确的对河谷进行观测，绝对高程精度在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">10m</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">左右，可以观测窄于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">100m</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">的水体。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.75pt;margin-left:
0cm;line-height:17.25pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在最近的研究中，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">ENVISAT</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">JASON-2</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">分别能提供平方根精度低于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">50</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">20</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">厘米的高程测量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 等线; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">季节的变化可以通过有时间节律的取样任务发现，但是短期的现象，如洪水，大多数时间是没法观测到的。利用高度计观测河流，跟周围地形，观测条件等情况有着极大的关系，这种方法在全球河流观测中不具有普适性。</span>
<span class="fontstyle0">Estimating dissolved organic carbon concentration in turbid coastal<br>waters using optical remote sensing observations</span> 利用光学遥感技术估计浑浊近岸海水有机碳含量 <br style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-size-adjust: auto;">
<span class="fontstyle0">Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)</span> 可溶性有机碳 <br style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-size-adjust: auto;">
<span class="fontstyle0">dissolved organic matter (DOM)</span> 溶解性有机物颗粒 ，重要组成部分<br style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-size-adjust: auto;">
全球碳循环重要组成
<span class="fontstyle0">在coastal ocean biogeochemical (BGC)</span> 海岸海洋生物地球化学循环和光照环境方面起到重要作用<br style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-size-adjust: auto;">
原本依靠高花费的现场采样计算，现在采用卫星遥感评估
<span class="fontstyle0">试验区域Moreton Bay (MB)</span> ，DOC浓度范围大，和遥感影像相关度高<br style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-size-adjust: auto;">
