Chapter26:符号学

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">符号学：从</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">符号系统</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">的角度研究社会产物的意义；对某种事物</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">代表</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">另外一种其他的事物的分析。</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">1、</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">符号是</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">信号物</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">和它</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">所指意义</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">的结合</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">2、</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">一个符号不是独立存在的：它是一个系统的一部分</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">例子</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">黄丝带的</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">含义变化：</font></span></b><font face="微软雅黑" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">对于耻辱的原谅</font><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">→我们想让你回来→欢迎回家→（关于胜利、骄傲、甚至傲慢的含义）→支持我们的军队→任务完成</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">巴特的典型的</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">符号模式</font></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">外延系统：</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">作为一种描述性的符号，不存在意识形态的内容。</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">内含系统：</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">一个已经失去了它的历史参照的</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">神秘符号</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">；没有实质的形式。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">例子</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">解构：</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">文学评论用语，指找出文本中</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">自身逻辑矛盾</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">或自我拆解因素，从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">意识形态：</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">知识表现为常识或自然，尤其是在社会结构被忽视或压抑时。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Barthes他所有的符号的努力方向是揭露他所认为的那些控制社会的自然历史图像的异端。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">以解构午饭为例</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">凯瑟琳的研究</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l</span><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">三元模型：</span></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">客体对象</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">，</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">表征关系的看法</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">，以及</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">解释</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">这三元。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">根据内容和承载的意义皮尔斯描述了</span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font face="微软雅黑">三种</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">不同类型的符号</span></b></p>