Chapter36:失声的群体理论

总数：日/周/月活跃度

渠道活跃

地域分布活跃

网络

运营商

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">失声的群体：</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">那些属于</font></span><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">低能力群体</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">的人，当他们想要参与公共交谈时必须改变自己的</font></span><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">语言模式</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">，因此，他们的观点经常被忽视。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.018px; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28px;">l&nbsp;</span><font face="微软雅黑">伊丽莎白以自己喜欢的一项活动为例：织毛衣</font></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">卡拉玛拉首先假设</font>“女性感知世界的方式不同于男性，女性和男性的不同经验和活动植根于劳动分工不同。“</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">女性的谈话都受到男性的控制和审查。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">根据</font>Kramarae的说法，妇女面临的问题是关于世界如何运作的进一步讨论永远不会发生在一个公平的领域。“由于他们的政治优势，男性的感知系统占主导地位，阻碍了妇女的自由表达的模式。”</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">米德的</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">符号互动论</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">的角度：认识程度是命名的程度</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">沃尔夫假说</font></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">守门人：</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">编辑和其他决定文化书籍，散文，诗歌，戏剧，电影剧本，等会出现在大众媒体面前的仲裁人。</font></span><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">即使大众的表达方式包含了丰富的词汇来描述女性的经验，如果</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">她们的</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">表达模式被忽视或嘲笑女性的声音仍然会消失。卡拉玛拉指出，她结婚时被要求前面跟随她丈夫的姓氏，不论是法律还是适当的礼仪习俗都维护男性的利益。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">在线教育：</font></span></b><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><b style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">第二</font>/第三转变：</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">作为家庭管理者，然后作为一个学生工作，都是在全职工作后承担的。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">博客</font></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">维基</font></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">卡拉玛拉认为：为了参与到社会中，妇女必须转换表达模式为男性的模式。在公共论坛中，女人想说的和能说的最好不要轻易说出来，因为语言模板不是他们自己的。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">尽管有些女性是公认的杰出的个人，但是依旧在男性中重新建构表达模式。所以对于女性来说自信心比杰出的人少的很多，所以这个前景是艰巨的。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">性骚扰：</font></span></b><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">在权力关系不平等的情况下不必要地强加性要求。</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-left:21.0000pt;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:-21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">l&nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">失声的群体理论</font></span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="微软雅黑">可以解释女性在这种情况下的困惑感受以及权利的缺失。</font>“性骚扰”这个词是唯一一个合法的被女性定义的词语。女性定义词语还有很长的路要走。</span><span style="color: rgb(40, 71, 85); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>