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Tort Law 2

2017-02-13 22:46:31   0  举报

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Tort Law 2

Tort Law

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personal injury cases

the duty tests

Lord Atkin's speech in Donoghue v Stevenson(1932)

【1】Foresight *

B owes a duty of care to A if B reasonably foresees that A will be injured by B's actions

【2】Proximity

relationship of ‘closeness’ (in time, space and causally)

Lord Wilberforce's two-stage approach in Annsv Merton London Borough Council[1978]

【1】the neighbour principle

【2】if yes, then consider the the scope of duty

Caparov Dickman[1990] 2 AC 605

【1】foreseeability

【2】proximity

【3】fairness, justice and reasonableness

a bottom line

Duty in personal injury cases

physical injury;psychiatric injury (nervous shock); (mere) distress.

reasonable foreseeability of harm

generate a duty of care

Donoghue v Stevenson(1932)

Negligence = careless behaviour+ damage.

Omissions

political,moral,economic

Psychiatric Damage

Rescuers

“Danger invites rescue”(Cardozo J)

Co-Rescuers

A co-rescuer who exposes another rescuer to increased damage may be liable in negligence to that rescuer

“The victim”may himself have created the emergency (risk) and be liable to the rescuer

Primary victim

Secondary victim

【1】must have a close tie of love and affection with the person killed, injured or imperilled

child, parent, fiancéor spouse.

【2】was close to the incident in time and space

【3】directly perceived the incident rather than, for example, hearing about it from a third person

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