第五单元:介宾
2019-04-03 08:45:23 9 举报
AI智能生成
零基础英语学习:介宾
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预习作业
下方三组例句,每组内的两句句子基本意思相同。<br>仔细研读后<b>推出to的用法</b>,并依样画葫芦完成练习题。
例1:<br>Give it some water please.<br>Give some water to it please.
例2:<br>Give him a glass of wine please.<br>Give a glass of wine to him please.
例3:<br>Give me the bag please.<br>Give the bag to me please.
<b>练习:</b>每组提示词用两种方式说出完整句子。<br>注意将一些提示词做适当变形。
1. give, she, some, flower
2. give, we, three bottle, milk
上节课回顾of
a photo of me
从中我们能推出,在介词后面跟的是宾语。不能说a photo of I。<br>介词与宾语的搭配我们称为“介宾”结构。<br>今天要学习的to和for同样需要满足介宾结构。<br>
to
自然推理
这句话是否能表达“我每天都去公园”?<br>I go the park every day.<br>
我们在学习新的语言点之前,就应该能判断出这句话是错误的。
“意先于形”, go the park无法说清是我每天都去公园,还是我每天都到公园里走走,或是每天都路过公园?
句子中缺少的“去到”、“里面”、“经过”等需要介词来表达。<br>而表达“到”的介词是to,<br>这句话就应该说成:I go to the park every day.<br>
依葫芦画瓢
to可广泛地理解为是表达“到达目的地”的介词。<br>give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.<br>(sth. = something 某事物; sb. = somebody 某人)
比如:<br>go to the company (company /’kʌmpəni/ 公司)是“到公司去”的意思 <br>come to me是“到我这儿来”的意思
再如:<br>Give her some flowers. = Give some flowers to her.<br>Give us three bottles of milk. = Give three bottles of milk to us.
知识点
give sb. = 动宾<br>
类似give用法的常见词还包括:<br><ul><li>bring /briŋ/ 带来<br></li><li>take /teik/ 取走<br></li></ul>
比如:<br>✔ bring it to me<br>✘ take it to me
✔take it to her<br>∆ bring it to her (只有当“她”就在“我”身边时才成立!)
to sb. = 介宾
与to相对的介词是from /frɔm/,表示来自、从。
经典的问句Where are you from?问的是国籍,<br>回答是:I am from China.(不是回答“我从家里来”!)<br>
from ... to这对介词也完全可以连用。
1.- When is the shop open? (open /’əupən/ 开着的;打开)<br>
2.- It is open from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. (a.m.上午;p.m.下午)<br>
3.Their ages are from 16 to 20. (age /eidʒ/ 年龄)<br>
for
自然推理
研读下列示例,推断for的基本含义。
1. We are so happy for you.
2. This apple is for you.
3. I do everything for her.
4. I work for Lady Yang.
5. The room is for my books.
知识点
for的“为了”之意有时可引申为“作为”
1. My boss gives me one week for holiday.<br> ( 注: one week for holiday基本含义同one week’s holiday)<br>
2. The bread and butter is for my breakfast. (breakfast /’brekfəst/ 早餐)<br>(注:bread and butter是“涂了黄油的面包”,是一个食物,因此视为单数!)
词法:to VS for
有的时候,to和for在词法结构上都是正确的。<br>此时,要避免混淆就要从两个词的本源意思(“到达”和“为了”)出发,<b>从意思上寻找区别</b>。 <br>
试比较:
<ul><li>bring it <b>to</b> me <br></li><li>bring it <b>for</b> me <br></li></ul>
两者语法上都成立,但意思不同。<br>前者是“带给我”之意(以我为目的地),<br>后者是“为了我把它带上”之意(不一定是要把东西给到我手里)。
<ul><li>Please read it <b>to</b> me. (read /ri:d/ 阅读) <br></li><li>Please read it <b>for</b> me. <br></li></ul>
两者语法上都成立,但意思不同。<br>前者为“读给我听”之意(阅读指向的“目的地”是我),<br>而后者是“替我读一下”之意(原本是我要读的,但请你“为了”我去读一下)。
<ul><li>go <b>to</b> Shanghai <br></li><li>go <b>for</b> food <br></li></ul>
两者在语法上也都成立,但意思不同。<br>前者是指“去上海”(去到上海这个目的地);<br>后者在一定的上下文中可以指“追求美食”(为了食物而奔走)。
从“到达”和“为了”引申出的<b>“对于”</b>之意,<br>是to和for的辨析难点。
1. Reading is good for us.
2. Reading is good to us.
3. Money is important for me. (important /im’pɔ:tənt/ 重要的)
4. Money is important to me.
5. She is good to me.
to和for各自还有一些固定搭配,不受本节课所学到的规则约束,在以后的英语学习过程中我们将逐渐积累。
实践
填入正确的介词:<br>1. - Do you have lamb ____ lunch? – No, I have it ____ dinner. <br>2. Do you go ____ Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes ____ me! <br>3. How sad she is! We are really sorry ____ her. <br>4. Good news! Your father has a present ____ your birthday. ( present /’prezənt/ 礼物,同gift /gift/)<br>5. Do you work ____ Mr. Smith? Is he kind ____ you?<br>
正确答案:<br>1. - Do you have lamb <u>for</u> lunch? – No, I have it <u>for</u> dinner. <br>2. Do you go <u>to</u> Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes <u>to</u> me! <br>3. How sad she is! We are really sorry<u> for</u> her. <br>4. Good news! Your father has a present <u>for </u>your birthday. <br>5. Do you work for Mr. Smith? Is he kind <u>to</u> you?
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