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3.特殊句型

2021-04-13 17:19:12   0  举报

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AI智能生成

英语语法----特殊句型

英语语法

学习笔记

英语学习

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作者其他创作

大纲/内容

一、倒装句

倒装：主谓颠倒即为倒装。

复习

句子=主干部分+修饰部分

主干部分=主语部分+谓语部分

=主语部分+（助动词+实义动词）

正常语序/陈述语序/正装

助动词

do类：

do、does、did 

will类：

will/shall、would

have类：

have、has、had

be类：

am、is、are、was、were

情态动词

can/may/must/ought to...

三种语序

1.“正常语序”= 主语+谓语

2.“完全倒装”=谓语+主语（全倒）

即“谓语动词”整个儿挪到主语前面

3.“部分倒装”=助动词+主语+实义动词（半倒）★

即谓语动词的“一部分”---助动词挪到主语前面

例题：

At the foot of the mountain ______.

A. a villiage lies

正常语序

B. lies a village

完全倒装

C. does a village lie

部分倒装（半倒装）

D. lying a village

（不存在一个谓语动词）

1.完全倒装=谓语+主语

规则：以here、there、up、down、in the park等副词以及 表地点，方位的短语为首的句子，后面主谓完全倒装。

例句

Here comes the bus.

Here are some suggestions for you.

By the table sits a foreign boy.

Between the two weird buildings stands a tree.

Across the river lies a bridge.

例子：

Nobody lives in my heart but you.

In my heart lives nobady but you.

小规则1

Now 和 Then置于句首，有时也完全倒装

Your turn comes now.

Now comes your turn.

小规则2

主语是代词是不能倒装

例子

Here you are.

给你

Here we are!

我们到齐了

Here it is.

在这里/给你

2.部分倒装=助动词+主语+实义动词★

1）否定词置于句首时用“部分倒装”

a:否定词扩展

单词

never

绝不

seldom

很少

rarely

很少

hardly

几乎不

scarcely

几乎不

little

加上冠词表肯定，去掉冠词表否定

few

修饰可数名词

nowhere

无处;哪里都不

under/in no circumstances

绝不

短语

三词短语，no在中间，打在句首，表示绝不，后面要用半倒装。

under/in no circumstances

绝不

on no account

at no time

in no case

in no way

by no means

例子

I visited jiuzhaigou last autumn.Never in my life have I seen so beautiful a place like that.

By no means can we yield to the pressure.

b:四大加分句型

① Hardly...when...【倒装前半句】

含义：一...就...

用法：Hardly+半倒装+when+陈述句

考法：hardly+had sb done+when+sb+did

例句：

Hardly had he got out of the court when the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.

② no sooner...than...【倒装前半句】

含义：一...就...

用法：no sooner+半倒装+than+陈述句

考法：No sooner+had sb done（过去完成时）+than+sb+did（一般过去时）

例句：

No sooner had he got out of the court than the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.

③ Not only ... but (also)...★【倒装前半句】

含义：不仅...而且...【可以用在作文里】

用法：Not only+半倒装+But also+陈述句

例子

Not only can Tom sing so well,but all his family are excellent singers.

④ Not until...,...【倒装后半句】

含义：直到...才...

用法：Not until + 陈述句+半倒装

例句：

Not until I came home last night,did Mom go to bed.

2）“Only+状语”置于句首用“半倒”

考翻译、作文：只有...才...

需要背的句子：

1. Only then can I have the chance to realize my dreams.

只有这样我才能有机会实现我的梦想。

2. Only in this way can you achieve great success in the future.

只有这样，你才能在未来取得巨大的成功。

3. Only by doing some down-to-earth work shall we solve all the problem.

只有做一些脚踏实地的工作，我们才能解决所有的问题。

4. Only when you grow up can you understand me.

只有长大了你才能理解我。

测试：

只有以这样的方式你才能成功减肥。

Only in this way can you lose your weight successfully.

3）So+adj/adv+半倒+that+陈述      Such + n+半倒+that+陈述

不可数名词只能用such

例子

可数名词

So fast does he run that we can't catch up with him.

他跑得太快，我们赶不上他。

不可数名词

Such fine weather is it that we are going to for a picnic.

天气这么好，我们打算去野餐。

4）虚拟主从句的半倒装

在虚拟条件句中，当句中有were,had,should时， 我们可以省略if，把were，had，should放在句首。 （一次delate，一次剪切粘贴）

例句：

If I were to do the work ,I should do it some other way.

Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

5）尽管倒装

Although he is young,he has written many popuar books. Young as he is,............【形容词】

强调部分提前，although变as

Little boy as he is ,he has written many books.

名词

Try as he might, he failed in the race.

动词

Fast as he run, he failed in the race.

副词

注意：

（1）强调名，形，动，副四种词。

（2）强调名词提前时不带前冠词。

（3）although不准倒，as必须倒，though可倒可不倒。

6）两倒一不倒

两倒

前后两句主语或事件不同。

一不倒

主语和事件都相同，后句只是对前句的符合。

例子：

-A likes English.  -So does B.

A喜欢英语，B也喜欢||后面倒装。因为讲的事两个事件

-A doesn't like English.  -Neither / Nor does B.

-A Likes English.  -So he does.

-A喜欢英语。 -是的，他喜欢。|| 讲的主语是一个人不用倒装。

二、强调句

1.第一种强调

do/did/does+动词原型（无否定和疑问式）

例子：

I love you.

I do love you.

He loves you.

He does love you.

将助动词与实义动词（do/does/did）隔离，以强调实义动词

2.强调句型

基本结构：It+be+被强调的部分+that>who(强调人的时候)>whom(强调宾语的人)+句中剩余部分

最简单的高级语序：两次剪切，两次粘贴

判断时，去掉it+be......that......是否还成完整的一句话

be动词

is表示现在或将来

was表示现在或过去

考点

1）单选题

考that，通过删减判断句子是不是强调句，是就选that

2）汉译英

就是...

例子

I love you.

It is you that/who/whom I love.

我爱的人是你。

It is I that/who/love you.

爱你的人是我。

重点.难点.考点

判断是否真的在考强调句型

强调句常见四种开头

It is

It was

is It

was it

三、省略句

1.并列句中的省略

“并列句”中，后一分句中，与前一分句重复的内容可省略。

例子

Lily likes dancing and hates singing.

例题

One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_______.

A the other is white

B another is white

C the other white

D another is white

2.状语从句中的省略(时间，条件，让步)

在状语从句中如果满足：

① 从句主语和主句主语相同，或从句主语是it

② 从句谓语动词中含有be 类助动词

则省略从句的主语和be 类助动词

例子

He will come if asked.

He will come if (he is) asked.

She fell asleep while doing homework.

She fell asleep while (she was) doing homework.

I will go to beijing if possible/necessary.

I will go to beijing if it is possible/necessary.

3.“动词不定式”的省略

当to后面的内容和前面的内容重复时，to后面可省略，保留到to或to后面的be动词或助动词。

例题

--What's the matter with della? --well,her parents wouldn't allow her to go the party,but she still ____.

A. hopes to

B. hopes so

C. hopes not

D. hopes for

四、反义疑问句

结构一

前肯后否，人称、时态需一致

They went to the park yesterday,didn't they?

结构二

前否后肯，（注意否定词）

1.That isn't your book,is it?

注意：陈述部分有 hardly,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,rarely否定词时，疑问部分用肯定。

2.They never like narcissus,do they?

结构三

祈使句，前肯后will/won't you 祈使句，前否后will you

1.Take care of the elders,will you / won't you?

2.Dont't be late again,will you?

结构四

Let's

shall we 

Let us

will you

例子

Let's go to see the pandas,shall we?

Let us know your address,will you?

注意点

1.否定句由否定前缀构成(im-,in-,ir-,il-,un-)反意疑问句仍用否定

It is unfair,isn't it?

2.陈述部分的主语为somebody,someone,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody等复合不定代词，反意问句主语用they。

Nobody was hurt,were they?

3.陈述部分的主语是something,anything,nothing,everything或this,that,反意问句主语用it。

Nothing is important,is it?

4.主从复合句的反意疑问句一般与主句一致，但当

（1）主语为第一人称(I,we)时；

（2）主语的谓语为think,believe,suppose,guess,expect时（即插入语），反意疑问句常与从句一致（注意否定转移）。

例子

She said that I did it,didn't she?

I think that he is wrong,isn't he?

I don't suppose he will come,will he?

5.used to --- used/did

used to --- used/did

He used to come here,usedn't/didn't he?

had better --- had

He'd better leave here,hadn't he?

would rather --- would

You would rather die,wouldn't you?

情态动词+have done ---- 句子中有明确时间状语，反义疑问句要与时间状语相一致。

She can't have done her work yesterday,did she ?

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