完成进行时态-英语语法知识点总结
2022-09-07 14:28:31 0 举报AI智能生成
完成进行时态-英语语法知识点总结
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完成进行时态的构成
三种完成时态的构成形式如下
现在完成进行时
have been working
过去完成进行时
had been working
将来完成进行时
will have been working
完成进行时态的意义
被描述的事件开始于现在之前，而且是有限得持续下去。
有限得持续性。
延续事件
延续事件概述
现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，表示一个到目前为止尚未完成的活动。
具体来说，它表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，
将继续持续下去。此时的完成进行时常与for+时间段、since+时间点、
all morning/all day/all week等这样的表示一段时间的时间状语连用，以强
调在这一段时间内，某项活动正在持续。
例句：
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。
A:Hey,you're watching TV again.
B:I've been studying for the whole morning.I need to relax now.
延续事件（一）：长期在延续的事件
现在完成进行时可以表示从过去到现在的一个相当长的时期内在持续的一个一般性活动。
例句：
I've been learning English for over ten years now.
不是我学英语到现在有十多年了。
=I've learned English for over ten years now.
I have been living here since 3 years ago.
我从三年前就一直住在这里。
I have lived here since 3 years ago.
I have been teaching in this school for 25 years.
我在这所学校教书有25年了。
I have taught in this school for 25 years.
He has been working in the same job for 30 years
He has worked in the same job for 30 years.
延续事件（二）：近期在延续的事件
现在完成进行时还可用来表示最近一段时期内正在持续的一般性活动。
例句
近期在持续的一般性活动
A:Alice has been spending a lot of time at the library lately.
B:Well.She's got a paper due and two final exams next week.
All the students have been studying hard,for final exams start next week.
"我最近一直在考虑的"
I have been thingking about changing my job.
我最近一直在考虑换个工作。
I've been flirting with the idea of changing my job,I probably won't.
我最近一直有换工作的念头，但我想我还是不会换的。
I have been looking forward to meeting you.
久仰大名。
延续事件（三）：在说话时刻仍在延续的事件
现在完成时可以表示一个在说话时刻之前一段时间内延续的活动，并且这个活动在说话的时刻仍在进行
例句：
A:You've certainly been reading that one page for a long time now.
B:Well,I'm being tested on it tomorrow.
A:那一页内容你显然已经看了很长时间了。
B:噢，我明天就要考这页内容了啊。
I‘m staring at this computer.I've been staring at this computer screen for hours and my eyes hurt.
It began raining two hours ago and it's still raining.It has been raining for two hours.
也能表示动作到现在时刻不再持续
Where have you been?I've been looking for you for the last halfhour.
刚才去哪了？我一直等了你半个小时。
I'm so sorry I'm late.Have you been waiting long?
延续事件（四）：在说话时刻之前在延续的事件
刚刚在延续但到说话时刻已经结束了。
例句：
He returned home yesterday.He has been traveling.
他昨天回到家里了，在这之前他一直在外旅行来着。
What have you been doing while I have been away.
我刚才不在的时候，你们一直在干什么？
强调一个持续活动所带来的、现在清晰可见的后果。
A:You do look cold.What happened?
B:I've been standing outside in Arctic temperatures for over an hour waiting for a bus.
A:你看起来这么冷，怎么了？
B:在这么冷的天气里，我刚才一直在外面等车等了一个多小时。
Your eyes are red.You've been crying?
Your friend is out of breath.You ask."Have you been running?"
延续事件比较：完成进行时与完成时
比较一：完成进行时“刚刚在延续的事件”与完成时“单一事件”
共同点：
1、二者都表示一个事件在说话的时刻已经结束；
2、二者都伴随有现在清晰可见的结果；
3、二者都不接持续性的时间状语。不过需要注意的是，现在完成进行时态可以接持续性的时间状语，
但意思往往会不同；而现在完成时“单一事件”的用法是不能接持续的时间状语的。
例句1：
My hands are dirty.I've been cleaning the car.
我的手很脏，我刚刚一直在洗车来着。
I've just cleaned the car.
我刚把车洗了。
Be careful! I've been painting the door!
I've painted the door green.
比较二：完成进行时的“延续”与完成时的“延续”
与持续的时间状语连用
在带有持续性时间状语时，用两种时态几乎无区别。
细微区别在于：现在完成进行时会强烈暗示动作会继续持续下去
例句：
I have been learning English for ten years.
I have learned English for ten years.
I have been teaching for 25years,and I can't imagine doing anything else.
I have taught for 25 years,so now it's time to think about doing something else.
不与持续的时间状语连用
如果没有持续性时间状语，则完成时表示一个在过去完成了的事件，而现在完成进行时则依然可以表示持续至今的事件
例句
I have worked in this company.
我在这家公司工作过。
I have been working in this company.
我一直就在这家公司工作。
Have you ever worked in a foreign-funded company?
你在外企工作过吗？
You look tired.Have you been working hard?
你看起来很累，最近工作一直很辛苦吧？
重复事件
短暂动词
用短暂动词的完成进行时来表示到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作
例句
I have been coming to Beijing for 14 years.
在过去14年中，我常常来北京。
Every Sunday they meet in the bar.They have been going there for 10 years.
有限持续动词
有限延续动词用于完成进行时态，若接表示较长时间的状语表示“重复活动”
，若接表达较短时间的状语则表示“延续活动”
例句
We've been writing to each other for years.
我们多年来一直保持通信联系。
I've been writing this letter for an hour.
这封信我写了有一个小时了。
重复事件比较：完成进行时与完成时
现在完成进行时的重复是“隐性”的，是模糊的，是不能说出具体次数的
现在完成时的重复是“显性”的，是明确的。
例句
A:I've been calling David for the past half hour,but I keep getting a busy signal.
B:Well,if you don't get him soon we'll just have to go to the movies without him.
I‘ve called David four times for the past half hour,but I keep getting a busy signal.
完成进行时与完成时对比总结
完成进行时强调“延续过程”,完成时强调“成果”
未完成与已完成
I have been reading your grammar book.After I finish it,I'll discuss some problems with you.
我一直在看你的语法书，看完之后我会有一些问题要和你讨论。
I have read your grammar book and I have questions to ask you.
我看过你的语法书了，现在有问题要问你。
I've been typing this report since yesterday and I'm only half way through.
从昨天到现在我一直在打印那份报告，现在只做完了一半。
I've typed all your letters.The job's done.
延续过程与结果
How long have you been learning English?
How many words have you learned?
Robert has been living in Pittsburgh for several years.
罗伯特在匹茨堡生活了好几年。
Robert has lived in many different locations.
感情色彩的不同
完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，因而往往带有强烈的感情色彩
现在完成时只是说明一个事实，一个结果，较为平铺直叙，缺乏感情色彩。
例句
A:Why are you so late?I've been waiting here for more than an hour!
B:Sorry to have kept you waiting.But it has been a hectic day today.I've got a million things to attend to.
I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this:"Dad,I always told you I'd come back and get my degree."
重复活动
完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。完成时强调成果，将次数。
例句
I've been ironing my shirts this morning.
I've ironed five shirts this morning.
I've been traveling.
I've done a lot of travel.
过去完成进行时
过去完成时表示开始与过去某个时刻之前的动作持续到过去这一时刻，并继续持续下去。
过去时刻在延续的事件
When I arrived in Inner Mongolia,it had been snowing for half a month.
那次在我到内蒙古之前，雪已经下了整整半个月了。
She had been studying French for one year before she went to France.
过去的长期延续事件
The police had been looking for the murderer for two years before they caught him.
警察抓住这个杀人犯之前，已经找了他两年了。
I had been looking for jobs for nearly half a year before I finally got a position in this dot-com company.
过去的近期延续事件
He looked so tired.I knew he had been studying for the final exams.
过去说话时刻在延续的事件
He told me he had been working on the report for hours and hadn't finished it yet.He was still working on it.
He told me he had been hunting for a room since noonbut with no success.
过去刚刚在延续的事件
She answered the door carrying a magazing she had been reading.
Mary's eyes were red.She had been crying.
My face was hot and red because I had been lying in the sun.
在过去时刻重复发生的事件
He had been gambling for two years before his wife found out.
在他妻子发现之前，他赌博有两年了。
I had been trying to get her on the phone.Finally she gave me a call.
将来完成进行时
通常用“by+将来时间”或者是“by the time+从句（从句谓语一般用一般现在时）”来给出一个将来的时间坐标
My brother has promised to help me study for my exam tomorrow.I get home from school at 3:00 and he gets home from school at 5:00.I will have been studying for two hours by the time he gets home.
长期延续的事件
I'm retiring this fall.By then I'll have been teaching for 30 years.
She will have been taking care of her blind husband for 20 years by then.
说话时刻在延续的事件
I'm getting tired of sitting in the car.Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Beijing,we will have been driving for twenty straight hours.
我在车里都坐累了。你有没有想到，等我们到北京的时候，我们就将一直不停地开了20个小时车了。
重复事件
The old man will have been getting up at 4:00 for ten years by next month.
I will have been attending Professor Smith's lectures for half a year by next week.
By tomorrow I will have been doing morning exercises for 100 days.
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