用描点法画二次函数 y = ax<span class="equation-text" contenteditable="false" data-index="0" data-equation="^2"><span></span><span></span></span>的图象的一般步骤
列表:让 x 取一些有代表性的值,求出对应的 y 值,列出表格,一般取原点(0,0),在y 轴的两侧各取 2 个或 3 个点,注意对称取点。
描点:在平面直角坐标系内,描出相应的点,一般先描出 y 轴一侧的几个点,再根据对称性找出 y 轴另一侧的几个点。
连线:按自变量由小到大的顺序,用平滑的曲线(顶端不能画成尖的)依次连各点,并 向两端无限延伸(注意曲线两端要出头)。
二次函数y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>+ k与y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="1" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>图象间的关系
二次函数y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="2" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span> + k的图象可以由二次函数y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="3" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">ax^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span></span></span> 沿 y 轴向上(k>0)或向下(k<0)平移|k|个单位长度得到(上加下减常数项)。
二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>与y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="1" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>图象间的关系
二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="2" data-equation="^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>的图象可以由二次函数y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="3" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">ax^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span></span></span> 沿 x 轴向右(h>0)或向左(h<0)平移| h |个单位长度得到(左加右减自变量)。
二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="^2 " contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>+ k(顶点式)与y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="1" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>图象间的关系
二次函数y = <span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="ax^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span> 沿 x 轴向右(h>0)或向左(h<0)平移| h |个单位长度得到二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="1" data-equation="^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span>。
二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="0" data-equation="^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span> 沿 y 轴向上(k>0)或向下(k<0)平移| k |个单位长度得到二次函数y = a(x − M)<span class="equation-text" data-index="1" data-equation="^2" contenteditable="false"><span></span><span></span></span> + k。