句子成分
2023-04-24 16:54:10 0 举报AI智能生成
英语语法
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
谓语的描述对象，一般为动作的发出者
She went out in a hurry
Three is enough
Smoking is bad for you
通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
位置通常位于句首，倒装句时除外
大部分主语由名词、代词、名词短语或从句充当
名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、the+形容词、从句等
表现形式
名词
A tree
A tree has fallen across the road.
代词
We
We often speak English in class.
数词
Three
Three is enough.
动词不定式
To swim
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
动名词
Smoking
Smoking does harm to the health.
the +形容词→名词化的形容词
The rich
The rich should help the poor.
从句
Whenever you are ready
Whenever you are ready will be fine.
形式主语
It
真正主语
to master a foreign language
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
典型例句
主语
表示主语的动作，一般为动词，其人称和数必须与主语一致，有时态、语态和语气变化。
谓语/谓语动词是句子最核心的，必不可少的成分
只有动词/动词短语才能充当谓语
从句中的动词，不是谓语
主语前的动词，不是谓语
现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语
通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词或动词性结构
时态
情态
语态
否定形式
四种变化
现在进行时
are doing
They are doing some exercise.
被动语态
was killed
He was killed by a single bullet in his heart.
否定
don't know
I don't know any of them.
情态动词+动词原形
can do
I can do it myself.
四种变化判断
动词
has caught
He has caught a cold.
may keep
You may keep the book for two weeks.
其他动词+不定式
would like to invite
I would like to invite all my friends here.
系动词+表语
are students
We are students.
likes
He likes cold milk.
works
He works hard.
助动词+动词
shall answer
I shall answer your question after class.
can speak
She can speak English very well.
is mine
The dictionary is mine.
表现形式判断
简单谓语 & 复合谓语
I saw a boy crying in a car.
doing
font color=\"#a23735\
done
表将来
to do
三种形式
非谓语动词
延展
动词（短语）、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式、系动词+表语
谓语
动作的承受者
一般在动词或介词后，通常是谓语后的第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
名词、代词、数词、the+形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句
your pet
You can leave your pet with me while travelling
us
They won't hurt us.
10
名词化形容词
my possible
我将尽力而为
I shall do my possible.
副词
there
He left there last week.
to leave
She really mean to leave home.
what I mean
Do you understand what I mean?
不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从作宾语常用it 作形式宾语则把真正的宾语放在句后。
形式宾语
动作的直接承受者或结果 (一般是物）
直接宾语
动作对谁或者为谁而做的 (一般是人)
间接宾语
间接宾语me，直接宾语a shirt
Mother bougt me a shirt.
例句
直接宾语&间接宾语
宾语
说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等。
一般位于系动词(如 be，become，get，look，seem，turn 等)之后
表现形式：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、介词短语、从句
形容词
yellow
The banana is yellow.
that Sunday
The wedding was that Sunday.
that
So that's that.
seven
We are seven.
busy
Are you busy?
Are you there?
to wait
All I could do was to wait.
lying
Complimenting（恭维） is lying.
why you were angry
Is that why you were angry?
where I first met her
This is where I first met her
介词短语
from seven till ten.
The show is from seven till ten.
把表语和其主语联系在一起，以说明主语的属性、特征或者状态
有自己的词义但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语
Ice feels cold.冰感觉起来是凉的
摸起来，感觉
feel
The dish smells good.这菜闻起来很香
闻起来
smell
It sounds a good idea.这听起来是个好主意
听起来
sound
This food tastes good.这菜好吃
尝起来
taste
感官系动词
I hope you'll keep fit.我希望你身体好
保持
keep
The door remained closed.门仍然关着
仍是
remain
He stayed single.他仍然是单身。
stay
Can you stand Mary coming home late ?你能忍受玛丽这么晚回家吗
经得起，忍受
stand
持续系动词
He seems (to be) quite happy.他好像很快活
看起来好像
seem
He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好。
appear
He looks tired.他看起来很累。
看起来
look
表象系动词
They became good friends.他们成了好朋友
变成，成为
become
It's growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来
渐渐变得
grow
Maple trees turn red in autumn枫叶在秋天变红
turn
His father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了
进入某种状态
fall
She soon got bored with the job.厌倦了这工作
变成，变得
get
The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了
变成(坏的状态)
go
变化系动词
I am a student.我是一个学生
是
be
状态系动词
分类
延展：系动词
表语
主干
对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的句子成分，它说明人或物的状态、品质、数量及所属关系等
【单个词】作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前
前置定语
【短语或从句】作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后
后置定语
2种位置
名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词(短语)、介词短语、从句
形容词，前置
responsible
Mary is a responsible teacher
名词，前置
steel
His father works in a steel work
数词，前置
54
There are 54 students in our class.
名词所有格，前置
Betty's
Do you know Betty's sister?
动名词，前置
sleeping
He bought some sleeping pills.
介词短语，后置
in red
The girl in red is his sister
动词不定式，后置
to do
We have a lot of work to do
分词短语，后置
standing under the tree
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter
从句，后置
who spoke just now
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
定语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的等，在句子中位置比较灵活，句首、句中、句尾都可以
时间、原因、地点、目的、让步、程度、条件、结果、方式、比较、伴随
副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语
表型形式
时间
in a few minutes
The plane will take off in a few minutes
原因
because of the rain
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.
条件
if it doesn't rain.
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.
地点
in the lake
There are plenty of fish in the lake.
目的
to catch the train
He ran fast to catch the train.
结果
that he fell asleep immediately
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
比较
than he is
l am taller than he is
程度
very
The river is very long.
伴随
with a dictionary in her hand.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
方式
with a knife.
She cut the apple with a knife.
让步
though she is old
She works very hard though she is old.
状语
同位语用于解释说明另一个名词或代词，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位
多位于其解释说明的名词或代词之后。
名词、代词、动名词、数词、从句等
girls
We girls often go to the movies together.
all
His jokes made us all laugh.
two
You two come and sit here.
同位语
表语可以理解为主语补足语
补充说明宾语的意义、状态等
假如没有补语，整个句子就不完整，也没有任何意义
在宾语和补语之间加 be动词或其他动词能组成新句，且新句与原句语意一致
宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后
名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)
动词的过去分词
cut
He has had his hair cut
Jimmy
They named the child Jimmy.
名词短语
my sister
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
hard（煮老了）
He boiled the egg hard.
形容词（短语）
very interesting
I found the book very interesting.
不定式
to lend her a hand
She asked me to lend her a hand.
动词的现在分词
burning
Do you smell something burning
宾语补足语
修饰
Hello、aha、oh
表示说话人的情绪，也可以用来打招呼
感叹词
I think、of course、 I mean、you know
句子的修饰语，可插入到句子中的各个位置，不影响句子中心意思的结构。
插入语一般用逗号（，）或破折号（—）隔开
插入语位置灵活，可插入到句子任何位置
to be frank
in my eyss
in my opinion
as we know
according to...
常见插入语
插入语形式
插入语
Boys and girls、Sir
说话人对沟通对象的直接称呼
称呼词
独立成分
句子成分
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