别人是如何看“我”的
2016-11-03 09:33:53 0 举报仅支持查看
AI智能生成
在别人眼中，我是一个充满热情和活力的人。我的笑容总是挂在脸上，无论何时何地，我都愿意用我的热情去感染周围的人。我喜欢挑战，不怕困难，总是勇往直前。我对待工作认真负责，对待朋友真诚热情。我有一颗善良的心，总是愿意帮助需要帮助的人。我是一个有梦想的人，我相信只要我努力，我就能实现我的梦想。我是一个坚韧不拔的人，无论遇到什么困难，我都会坚持下去。我是一个乐观的人，我相信每一天都是新的开始，每一次失败都是成功的垫脚石。我是一个有责任感的人，我知道我的行为会影响到周围的人，所以我会尽我最大的努力去做一个好榜样。
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第三节 青少年自我意识的特点及完善
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一、青少年自我意识的发展特点</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018662"></a><a name="_Toc383907547"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（一）青少年自我认识发展特点</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、独立性的发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第一阶段，即少年期阶段（初中阶段），个体的自我评价开始摆脱对成人、权威的依赖，但往往会受到同龄群体观点的影响和制约</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第二阶段，即青年初期阶段（高中阶段），个体的自我评价既摆脱了对成人的依赖，又逐渐克服了同龄青少年团体的强烈影响，表现出高度的独立性，形成了个体独特而鲜明的自我评价</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、概括性的发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">儿童自我评价的概括性较差</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">进入青少年期，青少年自我认识的内容比儿童广泛多了，并且形成了由表及里、由外到内的发展轨迹。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">青少年自我评价的抽象概括水平得到了明显的提高</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、广泛性的发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">儿童期，儿童的注意力和兴趣主要集中在自身以外的世界</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">少年开始对“自我”表现出了认识的兴趣。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">青年虽然仍会关心自己的体态容貌，但他们更加渴望了解自己，更多地关心自己的个性与成长</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、稳定性的发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">儿童自我评价的稳定性很差</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">少年对自己或对别人的评价也是不稳定的</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">青年的自我评价才趋于稳定</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">5</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、全面性的发展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
少年评价别人和自己的品质时，常常犯以偏概全的错误。
青年初期，逐渐学会全面，辩证地进行自我分析和自我评价。
（二）<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:黑体;<br>mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;<br>mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">青少年自我体验日益丰富、敏感性强</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、自我体验日益丰富</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;<br>line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;<br>font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:<br>"Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）少年期的成人感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
少年期的成人感形成的原因
对于少年的成人感，家长和教师应给予高度的重视
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）青年初期的自尊感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">有强烈的自尊心（自尊感）是青少年期形成的显著个性特征之一</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">影响自尊心形成的因素</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自尊心是推动个体积极向上的一种动力，对个性的发展有重要影响</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、自我体验敏感性强</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">青少年是“最善感”的一个群体</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">与他们自己有关联的事物</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">都容易引起他们的情绪、情感反应</span>
二、青少年自我意识的常见偏差
<a name="_Toc384018663"></a><a name="_Toc383907548"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;<br>mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（一）过分追求完美</span></a>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、过分追求完美的表现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
追求完美表现的两个方面
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一方面是对自己持过高的要求</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">另一方面则是对自己的苛求，不能容忍自己“不完美”的表现</span>
追求完美产生的原因
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一是自视太高</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">二是特别关注他人对自己的态度反应，担心别人瞧不起自己；</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">三是受他人期望的影响太大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、过分追求完美的调适方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）树立正确的认知观念。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）目标定位要恰当。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）接纳自己的不完美。</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018666"></a><a name="_Toc383907551"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（二）过度自卑</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:<br>exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、过度自卑的表现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:<br>exactly"><span style="line-height: 26.6667px; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">过度自卑的表现</span><br></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一是对自己的能力或品质评价过低，感到自己什么都不如他人</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">二是缺乏进步和成功的决心与信心，惧怕失败，自暴自弃，不再努力</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">三是不能悦纳生理自我</span>
过度自卑的原因
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）自我认识不足</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）挫折的经历</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）消极的自我暗示</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）自身不良的客观因素。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24.0pt;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、过度自卑的调适方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）正确地评价自己</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）正确地表现自己。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）正确地补偿自己。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一是“以勤补拙”</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">。二是“扬长避短”</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）学会从积极的角度看问题。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">5</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）进行积极的自我暗示</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">6</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）要多与人交往。</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018667"></a><a name="_Toc383907552"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（三）过度自信（自负）</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:42.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:<br>20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 42.0pt"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">过度自信的表现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="text-indent: -24px; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">过度自信的表现</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">第一，</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">未能全面认识自己，只看到自己的优点，忽视自己的缺点</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第二，未能正确地与别人比较，拿放大镜看别人的短处，看不到别人的长处</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第三，自以为是，固执己见，唯我独尊</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第四，自尊心和嫉妒心很强。</span>
过度自信的危害
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:<br>2.0;line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;<br>tab-stops:list 32.2pt">2.<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">过度自信的调适方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）客观评价自己和他人。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）要选择合理的评价参照系。</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018668"></a><a name="_Toc383907553"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（四）自我中心</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、自我为中心的表现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第一，很少关心别人，与他人关系疏远。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第二，极度自私，只关心自己的利益，不顾及他人和集体的利益。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第三，固执己见，唯我独尊。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第三，有很强的嫉妒心。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、自我中心的调适方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）认清和摆正自己的位置。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）换位思考，设身处地想想他人的意见和感受。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
三、自我意识健全标准
四、<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">自我意识完善的途径</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018671"></a><a name="_Toc383907556"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">（一）正确认识自我</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、通过认识他人、与他人比较来认识自己</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第一，比较的对象应该是与自己条件相类似的人。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第二，比较的内容不只是身体状况、学习状况，还包括个性特长、人际交往等方面的情况。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第三，比较的标准应该是相对的、可变的标准，而不是绝对的、、不可变的标准。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">第四，同他人比较的应该是行动后的结果，而不是行动前的条件。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、通过分析他人对自己的态度和评价来认识自己</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一方面，人的心理都有一定的闭锁性</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">另一方面，他人对自己的评价受其知识经验、情绪情感、价值观等因素的影响，不免带有主观性。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">所以，在分析他人的态度和评价时，不能把别人对自己的态度和评价作为评价自己的唯一标准。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、通过与自己比较来认识自己</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、通过参加实践活动、分析自己的实践活动成果来认识自己</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">5</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、通过自我反思来认识自己</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">6</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、通过各种心理测验来认识自己</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018672"></a><a name="_Toc383907557"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">（二）积极悦纳自我</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">①</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
AR-SA">寻找自己的闪光点，肯定自己的价值。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">②接纳自己的不完美和失败。</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">要扬长补短，独立自主地发展自我。</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018673"></a><a name="_Toc383907558"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">（三）有效调控自我</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、确立合适的理想自我。</span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、保持高度的自信心。</span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、培养健全的意志品质。</span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">、养成做事有计划并严格执行计划的习惯。</span>
第一节 自我意识的概述
一、自我意识的含义、结构和类型
（一）自我意识含义
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）个体对自身生理状况（身高、体重、容貌、体态、健康等）的认识和态度；</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">）个体对自身心理状态（情绪、情感、需要、兴趣、能力、气质、性格等）的认识和态度；</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）个体对自己与周围世界关系（自己在群体中的地位、作用以及自己与他人的关系等）的认识和态度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
（二）自我意识结构
1.形式上看
自我认识
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自我认识属于自我意识的认知成分，是个体对自己以及自己与周围世界关系状况的认识。</span>
自我体验
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自我体验属于自我意识的情感成分，是个体对自己的情绪状态的体验。</span>
自我调节
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自我调节属于自我意识的意志成分，是个体对自己行为和心理的自我作用的过程</span>
2.从内容上看
生理自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">指个人对自己的生理属性的意识</span>
社会自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">是指个人对自己的社会属性的意识</span>
心理自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">就是个人对自己的心理属性的意识</span>
3从社会化方面看
主观我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">主观我是个人对自己的认识和评价，表示我是什么，我能做什么，强调自身的主导地位</span>
客观我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">客观我是社会上其他人对“我”的认识和评价，表示别人怎样看待我，强调环境的制约作用。</span>
4.从自我状态看
理想自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">是个体从自己的愿望、立场出发，对自我形象的认识或追求，它是理想化的自我形象</span>
投射自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">投射自我，是个体想象的他人对自己的看法，如想象他人心目中自己的形象，想象他人对自己的评价等</span>
现实自我
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">现实自我，是指个人当前实际的自我状态，即自我在品德、知识、能力、业绩等方面的实际表现。</span>
（三）自我意识的类型
自我肯定型
属于积极统一的自我
自我扩张型
属于消极统一的自我
自我矛盾型
属于难于统一的自我
自我否定型
属于消极统一的自我
自我萎缩型
属于消极统一的自我
二、自我意识的特点
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、个体性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、社会性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、能动性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
三、自我意识在个体发展中的作用
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">首先，自我意识是个体认识外界</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;<br>font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:<br>1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:<br>AR-SA"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1761545.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span lang="EN-US">客观事物</span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">的条件。</span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">其次，自我意识是人形成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/625058.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span lang="EN-US">自觉性</span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">、自控力的前提。</span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">最后，自我意识</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">直接影响着人的个性的形成和心理健康。</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">因此，培养良好的自我意识是增进心理健康的重要条件和有效途径。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
第二节 自我意识的发生发展
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;<br>mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:<br>EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">一、自我意识的发生发展机制</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自我意识是人所特有的。但是，人的自我意识并不是与生俱来的</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">社会化是人的自我意识形成发展的主要驱动力量</span>
二、<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">自我意识的发生发展规律</span>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018657"></a><a name="_Toc383907542"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（一）生理自我阶段——出生～<span lang="EN-US">3</span>岁</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;<br>line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">这一时期的自我意识被视为社会自我时期，又称为“客观化时期”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<a name="_Toc384018658"></a><a name="_Toc383907543"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br>mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;<br>mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">（二）社会自我阶段——<span lang="EN-US">3</span>岁～青春期</span></a>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">这一时期的自我意识被视为社会自我时期，又称为“客观化时期”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><a name="_Toc384018659"></a><a name="_Toc383907544"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">（三）心理自我阶段——青春期～成年</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:20.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">这个阶段是心理自我的表现和发展阶段，亦被称为“主观化时期”。这个阶段是个体的自我意识趋于成熟的阶段，是个体自我意识发展的关键期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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