项目定义思维导图(英文)
2021-04-20 09:41:05 0 举报AI智能生成
项目定义思维导图是一种视觉工具，用于帮助团队或个人清晰地理解和规划项目的各个要素。它以中心主题（即项目名称）为核心，通过分支和子分支的形式展示项目的关键组成部分、目标、任务、资源、时间线等。这种图形化的表示方式有助于提高团队成员之间的沟通效率，确保每个人都对项目有共同的理解。同时，项目定义思维导图还可以作为项目进度跟踪和管理的参考，帮助团队在项目执行过程中保持关注重点，确保项目按计划顺利进行。总之，项目定义思维导图是一种有效的项目管理工具，有助于提高项目的成功率和团队的工作效率。
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What is a Project?
A project is an endeavor with a defined start and end date undertaken to create a unique product or service.
The outputs are produced:
by a certain time
to a defined quality
with a given level of resources
Why do projects need to be managed?
Using standard project processes increases the likelihood that your project will be completed on time, within budget, and to an acceptable level of quality.
What are common characteristics of a project?
Definable, measurable outcomes
A start and end date
A team of resources
Involvement of stakeholders
A governance structure
A balance of constraints
Time
Cost
Quality
Scope
What are key elements of a project?
Project planning and estimation
Project scope
Desired outcomes
Customers (who will use the outputs?)
Outputs (services / products)
Work (activities that are required to produce outputs)
Resources
Locations
Project governance
The management structure is also known as the Project Governance.
Change management
Virtually all projects must address change. Consider how to make change a positive experience by considering:
organizational culture
work environment
roles and responsibilities
skills and knowledge
motivations and incentives
policies and procedures
processes
Stakeholder management
Stakeholders are the people and organizations that have an interest (either positive or negative) in the project outputs or outcomes.
Stakeholders play a key component to the projects success.
Risk and issue management
Identifying, analyzing and mitigating risks are part of the successful project management process.
What are the risks?
What are the impact and likelihood of the risks occurring?
What can be done to prevent them from happening?
What could be done if they did occur?
Issues will also arise throughout the project lifecycle. Establish a monitoring and review process to assure issues are dealt with on a timely basis.
Resource management
As resources are limited, organizations strive to optimize their use of resources - both dollars and people - to do the work.
Quality management
Generally, quality describes a level of service or product that satisfies a client's requirements.
It is extremely important to agree on the level of quality at the beginning of the project process.
Reporting
Understanding the progress of a project is critical for management to make decisions on corrective actions.
Status on milestones and key deliverables
Status on budget
Outstanding issues
Outstanding risks
Evaluation
In order to continually improve, it is important to evaluate the success of each project.
Was the project on time?
Was the project on budget?
Did the outcomes and outputs meet the expectations of the client?
Were the processes in place effective?
What went right? wrong?
What could be improved?
Closure
Project closures allow the team to 'tie up loose ends'.
Deliver all project outputs to client
Review the project evaluation
Complete, close or reassign any outstanding tasks
Finalize project records
What is the typical project lifecycle
Initiate
Projects are initiated and approved for a variety of reasons. Most projects are justified with a business case that aligns with corporate objectives.
Control / Manage
During the control / manage stage, the outputs are produced.
This stage is concerned with:
managing resources
quality
schedule
prioritization
budget
morale
participation
risks
issues
Closure
This stage involves the delivery of the project outputs, evaluation of the project processes and success, and completing any remaining activities.
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