英语时态
2025-08-28 09:44:30 0 举报AI智能生成
英语时态汇总
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定义：时态就是表示一个动作发生的时间和所处的状态。
时间的定义：英语中把时间分为三类：过去(past)、现在(now)和将来(future)。
任何一个动作都必然是发生于过去、现在和将来。
任何一个动作都必然是发生于过去、现在和将来。
状态的定义：指的是在某个时刻这个动作所处于的状态。动词共有四类状态
一般式
表示经常发生的动作，其动词形式为do
I often get up at 7.
进行式
表示正在进行的动作，其动词形式为“be动词+doing”
She is singing a French song.
完成式
表示对“之前发生动作”的一个总结，其动词形式为“have+done”
They have found the missing child.
完成进行式
表示对“正在进行动作”的一个总结，其动词形式为“have+been+doing”
I have been reading books for two hours.
完成进行时：完成式与进行式的结合，表示对一个正在进行的动作的总结。
各种时态用法
一般过去时
did
was/were
did
was/were
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况
I bought some fruits yesterday.
I used the pen before.
表示过去习惯性动作
would do/used to do 过去常常...
would do/used to do 过去常常...
The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
He used to visit his mother once a week.
一般现在时
do
do
表示现在的情况、状态和特征
He is a student.
表示经常性、习惯性动作
He always helps others.
客观事实和普遍真理
The earth moves the sun.
Light travels more quickly than sound.
表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作（常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表）
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将来的事情
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
一般将来时
will do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are about to do
be to do
will do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are about to do
be to do
基本结构：will do
表示某个将来的时间点会发生的动作
表示某个将来的时间点会发生的动作
We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
表示“打算...，要...”时，可用am/is/are going to do
This is just what I am going to say.
表示“即将、正要”时，可用am/is/are about to do ,强调近期内或马上要做的事
Don't worry,I am about to make a close examination on you.
"be to do"
表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”
She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should，must，ought to，have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气
You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
一般过去将来时
would do
would do
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事
I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.
He told me that he would go abroad.
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were doing
表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作
Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.
They were watching TV when a stranger suddenly rushed in.
表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情
I was travelling in London last summer vacation.
过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义
瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义
瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义
Then she said she was leaving.
持续动词的过去进行时只有在有将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来
She said that she was travelling the next day.
过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩
When he lived in county, he was always helping the poor.
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are doing
表示此时此刻正在发生的事情
He is listening to the music now.
表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做
I am studying computer this term.
I am playing tennis now.
现在进行时可以表示将来的含义
瞬时动词的进行一定表将来
瞬时动词的进行一定表将来
I am leaving.
持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或将来语境中才表示将来。
I am travelling next month.
现在进行式与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩
He is always helping others.
将来进行时
will be doing
will be doing
表示在某个将来的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，这类动作一般是事先计划好的，而且一定会发生的
Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
We will be flying at 30,000 feet in five minutes.
过去将来进行时
would be doing
would be doing
强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态
The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.
He knew that I would be living in china next month.
过去完成时
had done
had done
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。
过去的过去
过去的过去
Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.
When they reached there, the ship had set off.
表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has done
表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响
I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
I have used the pen only three time.
表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间
Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
将来完成时
will have done
will have done
表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成，强调对将来那个时间产生的影响
Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.
By July, Michael will have got two college degrees.
表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，并且有可能继续延续下去
The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
过去将来完成时
would have done
would have done
表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作，并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响
I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.
He said he would have left for London by the end of next month.
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，并且有可能继续延续下去
He told me that by the end of the year he would have lived there for thirty years.
过去完成进行时
had been doing
had been doing
表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能会继续延续下去。
此时经常用延续性动词
此时经常用延续性动词
The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.
I had been cleaning my room the whole morning when she came.
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
have/has been doing
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
Tom has been playing football for two hours.
将来完成进行时
will have been doing
will have been doing
表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去
By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
I will have been doing the drawing for five hours at 11pm.
过去将来完成进行时
would have been doing
would have been doing
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去
They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
I knew by July he would have been working there for 30 years.
注意事项
完成时态都是站在某个时间点，对这个时间点之前发生的动作做一个总结。所以，如果句子的上下文没有明确的表示出这个时间点，就不能使用完成式。
The ship had set off.(×)
Michael will have got two college degrees.(×)
将来时表示：从现在这个时间点看将来要发生的动作；
过去将来时表示：从过去的某个时间点看将来要发生的动作。
过去的将来=某个过去时间点到现在的这段时间+对于现在的将来
过去将来时表示：从过去的某个时间点看将来要发生的动作。
过去的将来=某个过去时间点到现在的这段时间+对于现在的将来
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