英语句法扫盲
2022-06-16 10:43:52 82 举报AI智能生成
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英语句法总结。
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
句子是人类表达思想的基本单位，一个完整的桔子是由若干个单词构成的，这些单词根据一定语法规则连成句子。
动作的发出者
通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
定义
名词本身
代词
动词ing/ to do形式
主语从句
四种形式
主语
主语发出的动作
从句中的动词，不是谓语
主语前的动词，不是谓语
现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语
通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词或动词性结构
I saw a boy crying in a car.
doing
done
表将来
分支主题
to do
三种形式
非谓语
对主语的表现、性质、状态等方面进行描述的结构
主系表
谓语
宾语是动作的承担者
通常是谓语后的第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
I like cats.
名词
I hate you.
I like swimming.
My dream is to become a teacher.
名词性结构
I think that you are a good man.
宾语从句
宾语形式
宾语
对名词或代词进行限定、修饰作用的成分
名词前：前置定语
名词后：后置定语
2种位置
偏正短语
She is a pretty girl.
形容词作定语
This is a map of China.
介词短语作定语
The boy sitting by my side is my brother.
This is a book written by Zhong Ping.
She has a wish to visit Beijing.
非谓语作定语
She is the girl who loves Alex.
定语从句
定语形式
定语
说明谓语或整个句子的状态的成分
He ran qunickly.
副词作状语
介词短语作状语
非谓语作状语
状语从句
状语形式
句首、句中、句尾
状语位置
状语
同位语用于解释说明另一个名词或代词，两者指的是一回事。
同位语多位于其解释说明的名词或代词之后。
名词作同位语
名词性结构作同位语
The news that he died surprises me.
从句作同位语：同位语从句
同位语形式
同位语
可插入到句子中的各个位置，不影响句子中心意思的结构。
插入语一般用逗号（，）或破折号（—）隔开
插入语位置灵活，可插入到句子任何位置
to be frank
in my eyss
in my opinion
as we know
according to...
常见插入语
插入语形式
插入语
主句 + （关联词 + 从句）
时间先后
He traveled where I want to go.
地点状语：Where
经常、正式
原因不说人家不知道
I love her because she is beautiful.
心知肚明
I will speak slowly so that you can understand me.
主句将来时，从句现在时
主将从现
事件先后顺序
Kaidi is so beautiful that everyone loves her.
Kaidi is so beautiful a girl that everyone loves her.
such是限定词，后跟名词（偏正结构）
Kaidi is such a beautiful girl that everyone loves her.
He is unhappy although he has a lot of money.
现在
将来
even if
I will always love you even though you are ugly and poor.
He spoke as if he had witnessed it.
She is as beautiful as her mother.
Bill runs faster than his brother.
九种状语从句
简单回答是（Yes）或不是（No）的疑问句
将be动词、情态动词、助动词提到主语前
其余顺序不变
问号
转一般疑问句
Is he a student?
He is a student.
Can he swim?
He can swim.
Have they arrived Beijing?
They have arrived in Beijing.
例句
若陈述句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词
在主语前加助动词do/does/did
原陈述句中动词变为原形
Does he love Lily?
He loves Lily.
Do you want to keep a cat?
I want to keep a cat.
若陈述句中无be动词、情态动词、助动词
是（Yes） + 主语 + 提问词
肯定回答
不是（No）+ 主语 + 提问词 + not
否定回答
一般疑问句的回答
一般疑问句（是非疑问句）
提供大于等于2种情况，从中做出选择（或全部否定/肯定）
一般疑问句 + 一般疑问句
Do you like apples? or do you like peaches?
Apples.
Peaches.
Both.
Neither.
Do you like apples or peaches?
Do you like apples? Do you like peaches?
造型
选择疑问句
不能简单回答是（Yes）或不是（No）
要回答具体内容
对句中某一成分进行提问
what（什么）
who（谁）
which（哪个）
whose（谁的）
疑问代词
where（哪里：询问地点）
when（何时：询问时间）
how（如何：询问方式）
why（为什么：询问原因）
疑问副词
疑问词
用疑问词替换主语
方式方法
Who is Lily?
She is Lily.
Which is Mary's book?
This is Mary's book.
对主语提问
将陈述句变为一般疑问句
用疑问词替换被提问部分
疑问词提前
What do you want to keep?
Do you want to keep what?
When did he arrive in Beijing?
Did he arrive in Beijing when?
Did he arrive in Beijing at 7 o'clock?
He arrived in Beijing at 7 o'clock.
Where Did he arrive at 7 o'clock?
Did he arrive where at 7 o'clock?
Why did he do it ?
Did he do it why?
Did he do it for fun?
He did it for fun.
How does he usually go to school ?
Does he usually go to school how?
Does he usually go to school by bus?
He usually goes to school by bus.
对其他成分提问
特殊疑问句
反意疑问句
分类
疑问句
What a clever girl.
由 what 引导：修饰名词
由 how 引导：修饰形容词、副词
What a clever girl she is.
How clever a girl she is.
She is a clever girl.
How well she plays.
She plays well.
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英语句法扫盲
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