谓语动词和非谓语动词用法大全
2024-12-28 21:52:44 0 举报AI智能生成
谓语动词和非谓语动词（动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
动词分类
实义动词 notional verb
可以单独充当谓语<br>主动
eat，think
系动词 linking verb
可充当谓语，但要加表语，构成系表结构<br>主静<br>一个句子要么动，要么静，只能二者取其一<br>
be动词
持续系动词
keep, remain, stay等，描述主语继续或保持某种状态或态度
变化系动词
become, grow, turn,get
感官系动词
feel, smell, sound, look等，描述主语给人带来的感官体验
判断方法：如果能被be动词替换，那么look就是系动词，否则就是实义动词
助动词 auxiliay verb
不可以充当谓语<br>帮助构成时态、被动、否定、疑问
be：am is are was were
do: does did
have: has had
上述三个也可以是系动词或者<br>实义动词，那如何区分呢？
有无词义：有则是谓语，没有则是助动词
能否独立作谓语：不能则是助动词或者情态动词
情态动词 modal verb
不可以充当谓语，和谓语动词连用<br>在情绪上起到辅助功能<br>表达可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力、怀疑等<br>
•常见包括：can, could, may, might, shall, should，will,<br>would, must<br>除此之外还有一些短语动词：be able to, ought to，have to<br>
五大基本句型
1.主语+谓语: Birds fly. He died
谓语一般是不及物动词
2.主语+谓语+宾语：The early bird catches the worm
名词、动名词、不定式都可以做宾语
谓语一般是及物动词
3.主语+系动词+表语: They are birds of a feather
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语: She bought the bird a cage
特点：不能换成bird is a cage
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：I heard the birds singing
特点：可以换成：bird was singing
非谓语动词<br>(如果句子中出现其他动词，<br>它们就要自动“降级”为非谓语，<br>才能和谓语动词同时存在.)<br>
动名词
名词特性
作主语<br>（谓语用单数）
Seeing is believing
It is no good/use doing sth
作宾语<br>（动词或者介词短语）
一种是放在特定动词后面作宾语
可以接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit承认、deny否认、consider考虑、<br>avoid避免、prevent阻止、prefer偏爱、enjoy喜欢、mind介意、suggest建议、<br>imagine想象、keep保持、risk冒险等<br>
一种是放在介词后面作宾语/表语/定语/状语/补语
They left without telling anyone.
作表语<br>（可与主语互换位置）
His job is selling cars，一般翻译“是什么”
作定语<br>（表示所修饰名词的功能、用途）
reading room
washing machine
动词特性
动名词复合结构<br>1.动名词复合结构在句子中作主语，一般用所有格；<br>2.作宾语，用普通格或所有格均可<br>3.动名词的逻辑主语是无生命之物时，一般用普通格<br>4.动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词（如someone, anyone，everyone等），<br>一般用普通格<br>
Do you mind my driving？you must be tired.
Their son's winning the gold medal made them proud.-主语
I don't like you/your speaking ill of her.-宾语
He agrees with money not being everything.-无生命之物
He was awakened by someone shouting outside.-不定代词
时态（一般式和完成时）<br>1. 以谓语动词的动作发生为参照，动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动<br>作同时发生或在其后发生，也可以表示一般情况；<br>2. 动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生<br>
She enjoys cooking for her family.-一般情况
My boyfriend is considering starting his own business.-之后
He was not sure of having done anything wrong.-之前
语态
主动语态
1. 主动语态动名词的主动语态表示主动行为，它的逻辑主语是动作的发出者；<br>2. 某些表示“需要”或“值得”的动词后面接动名词，习惯用动名词的主动语态表示被动含义，<br>这些动词包括need,want, require，deserve等<br>
The room needs cleaning up.
Your hair needs cutting.
被动语态
1.被动语态动名词的被动语态表示被动行为，它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者
An Englishman is never afraid of being laughed at.
不定式<br>to 动词原形/not to +动词原形<br>
功能
作主语
句首
To know yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.
后置
It is +形容词+to do<br>如difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary等<br>
It is+名词+to do<br>如It is a shame/a virtue/one's responsibility/one's honor to do等<br>
It takes sb sth to do<br>如It takes sb some time to do/ It takes sb some money to do等<br>
作表语
表示目的，预期的结果
To live is to suffer.
作宾语
常见的接不定式作宾语的动词包括：decide, choose, hope，expect, <br>refuse, promise, fail, manage, plan, prepare, learn，hate, like,prefer等<br>
动词后面接不定式or 动名词？<br> 有的动词只能接动名词，如consider, enjoy, avoid, finish等• <br>有的动词只能接不定式，如decide, hope, fail, refuse等• <br>有的动词既能接动名词又能接不定式，含义没有太大差别，如begin, start, continue等<br>有的动词既能接动名词又能接不定式，但意义不同，如remember to do/remember doing
疑问词+ to do，<br>如what,who,where, how等，一起作动词的宾语<br>
She hasn't decided where to go next.
作宾补
表示指示，愿望或感觉，可以构成“动词+宾语+不定式（做宾补）”的结构，<br>包括：advise, persuade，instruct, allow, permit, remind, order, force, ask, <br>tell, wish，want, expect, let, make, have, see, hear, feel, watch等<br>
I'm gonna ask Monica to marry me
如果动词是使役动词let,make, have或者是感官动词see, hear, feel,watch, notice等，<br>此时作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to<br>
作定语
与所修饰的词构成主谓关系或动宾关系
I have a lot of work to do.
He is the best person to do this job
做状语
目的，结果，原因状语
目的：Eat to live, not live to eat.
结果：What have l done to make you so angry？
原因：I'm glad to see you look so well.
逻辑主语
for sb 描述事情的性质
It is necessary for us to learn some grammar rules.
of sb 描述人的性质<br>Itis+形容词+of sb to do ofsb是不定式的逻辑主语，形容词表示“人的品质特征或行为表现”，<br>如brave, careful, careless，clever, wise, generous, kind, nice, polite, rude, silly, considerate等<br>
It was careless of me to leave the door open.
时态
一般式<br>不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或者在其后发生
主动语态
to write
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.
被动语态
to be written
进行式<br>不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而且正在进行
主动语态
to be writing
He pretended to be sleeping when his girlfriend walked in.<br>他女朋友进来的时候，他假装正在睡觉。<br>
完成时<br>1. 不定式的完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，<br>经常用于表示态度情感（如be sorry/happy/lucky to have done）、<br>观点（如be believed/thought/considered to have done）、<br>推断（如seem/appear to have done）等谓语动词后<br>2. 不定式的完成式还经常用于表示意图、计划、打算等动词后，如<br>expect, hope,intend, mean, plan等，表示本打算做但事实上没有实现的动作<br>
主动语态
to have written
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.<br>抱歉让你久等了。（态度情感）<br>
I seem to have seen her somewhere.<br>我好像在哪儿见过她。（推断）<br>
He intended to see me off at the airport<br>.他想要来机场送我。（结果如何，不知道）<br>
He intended to have seen me off at the airport.<br>他本想来机场送我，但是没来成。（没有实现的打算）<br>
被动语态
to have been written
完成进行式<br>不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，而且一直进行着
主动语态
to have been writting
She seems to have been waiting for someone all day.<br>她好像一整天一直在等人。<br>
语态
主动语态
一般来说，如果句子中出现了不定式动作的执行者，则不定式用主动语态；
I have a lot of clothes to wash.<br>我有好多衣服要洗。（我自己洗）<br>
被动语态
如果没有出现执行者，或者不定式所修饰的成分是不定式动作的承受者，则不定式用被动语态
Ihave a lot of clothes to be washed.<br>我有好多衣服要送去洗。（别人洗）<br>
在一些特定的结构中，也会出现不定式的主动语态表被动的情况，<br>上比如 “sth be+形容词+不定式”的句型<br>
This movie is interesting to watch.<br>
Spaghetti is easy to cook.
分词
现在分词<br>动词原形+ing（doing）
含义：
现在分词可以表示主动发生、正在进行的动作，<br>或主动发生的一般性动作<br>总结：主动（一定），进行（不一定）<br>
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系<br>A barking dog never bites.（barking是狗主动发出的动作）<br>
时态：表示正在进行的动作，相当于进行时态；<br>也可以表示一般性的动作，相当于一般时态<br>
一般性的动作：表示所修饰名词的持久性特点，并不强调此时此刻正在发生<br>the exploiting class 剥削阶级<br>neighboring country 邻国<br>running water 自来水<br>
功能
作定语<br>（单个分词，名词前；分词短语，名词后）
There's a growing demand for chips.芯片需求量日益增长。<br>（单个分词growing，放在名词前）<br>
The man singing on the stage is my uncle.在台上唱歌的那个男的是我叔叔。<br>（分词短语singing on thestage，放在名词后）<br>
作宾补<br>（用在感觉动词后，动词+sb/sth+doing）
比如：see, hear，feel, notice, find, smell, <br>observe,watch等等，<br>构成“动词+sb/sth+doing”的结构，<br>那么，此时和省略to的不定式多宾补有何区别呢？
I saw him getting on the train.<br>现在分词作宾补，强调动作正在进行<br>
I saw him get on the train and disappear<br>不定式作宾补，强调动作的全过程
作状语<br>
此时，现在分词的逻辑主语和句子主语一致<br>（1.与谓语动作同时或前后脚发生，<br> 2.表示时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、伴随等）<br>
典型错误：Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head<br>正确说法：Waiting for a bus, I was hit by a brick.
The world has kissed my soul with its pain, asking for itsreturn in songs. <br>(Tagore)世界吻我以痛，要我报之以歌。(伴随)<br>
He died unexpectedly, leaving behind his wife and three sons.<br>他意外去世了，留下了妻子和三个儿子。(结果)
Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.<br>看见警察，他拔腿就往出口跑。(时间)
分词独立结构<br>（当前后句子的主语不一致时）
Weather permitting, we'll be there on time.<br>如果天气允许，我们会准时到达。<br>
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting closed.<br>谁也没有什么要说的了，会议就结束了。
时态
一般式<br>（与谓语动作同时或前后脚发生）
Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.<br>看见警察，他拔腿就往出口跑。(时间)
Driving his son to school, he ran a red light<br>开车送儿子上学的时候，他闯了个红灯。<br>=when he drove his son to school<br>
完成式<br>（先于谓语动词发生）
Having driven her son to school, she went jogging in the park<br>开车送儿子上学之后，她去公园跑步了。<br>=after she drove her son to school<br>
现在分词Vs动名词<br>区别辨析
动名词可以做：主语、表语、宾语、定语
Being surrounded by the wrong people is the loneliest thing in the world.<br>被错误的人围绕着是世界上最孤独的事。——作主语<br>
a sleeping bag 睡袋——作定语，描述所修饰名词的功能、用途，
现在分词可以做：宾补、定语和状语
Having finished breakfast, he hurried to school<br>吃完早饭后，他匆忙赶去学校。——做状语<br>
a sleeping baby，正在熟睡的婴儿——作定语<br>描述所修饰名词主动发出正在进行的动作，或者主动发出的一般性动作，强调的是动作<br>
过去分词
意义
不及物动词<br>（主动发生的+已经完成的动作）<br>不及物动词没有被动语态！！！如die，leave
fallen leaves
及物动词<br>（被动发生的+已经完成的动作<br> 或被动发生的+一般性的动作）<br>
developed country
a trained nurse
a respected doctor 受人尊敬的医生
功能
作定语<br>
单个分词，名词前
如the sunken 沉船<br>单个分词作定语，一般放在名词前面
分词短语，名词后、
如a show produced by Netflix 由网飞制作的剧<br> 分词短语作定语，一般放在名词后面
合成形容词
名词+现在分词
a record-breaking jump 打破纪录的一跳<br>a time-consuming job 耗时的工作<br>peace-loving people 热爱和平的人们
现在分词和后面所修饰的名词构成主动关系，和它前面构成合成形容词的名词构成动宾关系<br>a record-breaking jump (jump breaks record)
名词+过去分词
a self-employed writer自由职业作家<br>hand-made shoes 手工制作的鞋子<br>a state-owned enterprise 国企
过去分词和后面所修饰的名词构成被动关系，动作的发出者是构成合成形容词的名词<br>a self-employed writer (writer is employed byhimself/herself)<br>a state-owned enterprise (enterprise is owned by state)
作宾补<br>（用在感觉、心理或表致使的动词后，<br>比如:see,hear, feel, notice, find, observe<br>watch, have,get,leave等等，<br>动词+sb/sth+done，表示被动意义）<br>
I've heard him praised by the boss.我听到他被老板称赞了。<br>
He got his fingers caught in the door.他的手指被门夹了。<br>
T'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去剪头发。
彩蛋：不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别
动词+sb/sth+do强调全过程 ，I saw the police take him away.<br>
动词+sb/sth+doing 强调正在发生 I saw the police taking him away.，<br>
动词+sb/sth+done 强调被动 ，I saw him taken away by the police.
作状语
过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语一致<br>
主动关系用现在分词
Seeing the test scores, he felt depressed.<br>看到考试成绩，他郁闷了。（he和see是主动关系）<br>
被动关系用过去分词
Seen from the plane, the city looks magnificent.<br>从飞机上看，这个城市漂亮极了。(city和see是被动关系)<br>
Asked about it, he almost lost control of his emotions.
分词作状语的造句思路
各方面因素都考虑进来，我们决定用迈克的方案,
正确：Everything considered, we decided to go with Mike'sproposal.
错误: Everything considered, we decided to go with Mike'sproposal.<br>主语一致，但是不是同时或者前后脚发生
正确：Having considered everything,we decided to go withMike's proposal.<br> （=after we considered everything）<br>
分词独立结构
The problem solved, they went back to work.<br>问题解决了，他们就回去工作了。（主语不一致，各自带上主语）<br>
He sat there, legs crossed<br>他坐在那儿，翘着二郎腿。
一个句子的基本配置：主语+谓语<br><br>谓语由动词充当，且只能由动词充当。<br>1. She looks wonderful.<br>2. He sneezed.<br>3. I teach English.<br>4. Mary lent him some money.<br>5. They painted the house blue.<br>
动词原形<br>
work，do
第三人称单数
works，does
现在分词
working、doing
过去式
worked、did
过去分词
worked、done
收藏
0 条评论
下一页
为你推荐
查看更多
