内科学-呼吸系统

免疫低下

病毒感染

无，或上皮细胞损伤，炎症

普通感冒

急性病毒性咽炎和喉炎

急性疱疹性咽峡炎

急性咽结膜炎

急性扁桃体炎

血液检查、病原学检查

过敏性鼻炎、流行性感冒、急性气管-支气管炎、急性传染病前驱症状

对症治疗（伪麻黄碱、对乙酰氨基酚）、抗生素治疗、抗病毒药物治疗、中药治疗

微生物

理化因素

过敏反应

黏膜充血水肿，淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润

起病急，咳嗽咳痰2-3周

血液检查、X线检查

对症治疗（右美沙芬、盐酸氨溴索）、抗生素治疗、一般治疗

吸烟

职业粉尘和化学物质

空气污染

感染因素

其他因素

支气管上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落，后期鳞状上皮化生；炎症细胞浸润，淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞为主

起病缓慢，病程长，晨间咳嗽，咳白色黏液或浆液泡沫性痰，或伴喘息

X线检查、呼吸功能检查、血液检查、痰液检查

支气管哮喘、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、肺结核、支气管肺癌、特发性肺纤维化、支气管扩张

控制感染（抗生素）、镇咳祛痰、平喘（支扩剂）

吸烟、职业粉尘和化学物质、空气污染、感染因素、其他因素

炎症机制、蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡机制、氧化应激机制、其他机制

慢支：见上

肺气肿：肺过度膨胀，弹性减退，外观灰白，表面可见多个大小不一的大疱；<br>镜检见肺泡壁变薄，肺泡腔扩大、破裂或形成大疱，血液供应减少，弹力纤维网破坏。

慢性咳嗽（晨间明显），气短或呼吸困难，咳白色黏液或浆液泡沫性痰，喘息和胸闷；<br>视（桶装胸）触（语颤减弱）叩（过清音，心界缩小，肺界下降）听（呼吸音减弱）

肺功能检查、X线检查、CT检查、血气检查

支气管哮喘、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、肺结核、支气管肺癌、特发性肺纤维化、支气管扩张

支气管扩张剂（β2肾上腺素受体激动剂、抗胆碱群、茶碱类），糖皮质激素，祛痰药，长期家庭氧疗<br>（急症加抗生素、低流量吸氧、机械通气）

遗传倾向，环境因素（变应原性因素/非变应原性因素）

气道免疫-炎症机制（气道慢性炎症、气道高反应性）、神经调节机制（β肾上腺素受体功能低下、胆碱能神经张力增加）

气道慢性炎症（气道上皮炎症细胞浸润，气道黏膜下组织水肿、微血管通透性增加、纤毛上皮细胞脱落、杯状细胞增殖、气道分泌物增加等）

发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难，夜间及凌晨发作或加重，可自行缓解

肺功能检查、支气管激发试验BRT、支气管舒张试验BDT

左心衰引起的呼吸困难、慢阻肺COPD、上气道阻塞、变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病ABPA

缓解性药物（解痉平喘药）：短效β2受体激动剂SABA、短效吸入型抗胆碱能药物SAMA、短效茶碱、全身用糖皮质激素<br>控制性药物（抗炎药）：吸入型糖皮质激素ICS、白三烯调节剂、长效β2受体激动剂LABA、缓释茶碱、色苷酸钠、抗IgE/IL-5抗体、联合药物

先天性和继发性

损伤宿主气道清除和防御功能，易发生感染和炎症

管壁破坏及炎性改变，受累的管壁结构（软骨、肌肉、弹性组织）被破坏并被纤维组织取代，分为三种类型：柱状扩张、囊状扩张、不规则扩张<br>镜下：支气管炎症和纤维化、支气管壁溃疡、鳞状上皮化生、黏液腺增生

持续或反复的咳嗽、咳痰或咳脓痰。（干性支气管扩张：反复咯血）<br>痰液：黏液性、黏液脓性、脓性，可呈黄绿色，收集后分层：上泡沫、中浑浊黏液、下脓性成分、底坏死组织

主要诊断方法CT：树芽征、气管壁增厚、马赛克征、双轨征、串珠状改变、印戒征、蜂窝状改变

慢性支气管炎、肺脓肿、肺结核、先天性肺囊肿、弥漫性泛细支气管炎、支气管肺癌

治疗基础疾病，控制感染，改善气流受限（长效支气管舒张剂），清除气道分泌物，免疫调节剂

病原体：数量多，毒力强<br>宿主：呼吸道局部和全身免疫防御系统损害

<br><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1110" style="border-collapse:<br> collapse;width:666pt"> <colgroup><col width="166" style="mso-width-source:userset;width:100pt"></colgroup> <colgroup><col width="494" style="mso-width-source:userset;width:296pt"></colgroup> <colgroup><col width="450" style="mso-width-source:userset;width:270pt"></colgroup> <tbody><tr height="38" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:23.01pt"> <td height="38" class="oa1" width="166" style="height:23.01pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:<br> 宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:white;<br> mso-color-index:1;mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:zh-CN;font-weight:bold">病原体</span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa2" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:<br> 宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:white;<br> mso-color-index:1;mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:zh-CN;font-weight:bold">病史、症状和体征</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:<br> 楷体_GB2312;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:white;mso-color-index:1;<br> mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:zh-CN;font-weight:bold"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa3" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;<br> mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312;<br> mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:white;mso-color-index:1;<br> mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:en-US;font-weight:bold">X</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;<br> mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:white;<br> mso-color-index:1;mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:zh-CN;font-weight:bold">线征象</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:<br> 楷体_GB2312;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:white;mso-color-index:1;<br> mso-font-kerning:12.0pt;language:zh-CN;font-weight:bold"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">肺炎链球菌</span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">体征</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">肺叶或肺段实变，无空洞，可伴胸腔积液</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">金葡菌</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">起病急、寒战、高热、脓血痰、气</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: white;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">急、毒血症症状、休克</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">肺叶或小叶浸润，早期空洞，脓胸，可见液气囊肿</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">肺炎杆菌</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">起病急、寒战、高热、全身衰竭、咳砖红色胶冻状痰</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">肺叶或肺段实变，蜂窝状脓肿，叶间隙下坠</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="44" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:26.37pt"> <td height="44" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:26.37pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">铜绿假单胞</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">毒血症症状明显，脓痰（蓝绿色）</span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">弥漫性支气管炎，早期肺脓肿</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="44" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:26.37pt"> <td height="44" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:26.37pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">大肠埃希菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">原有慢性病，发热、脓痰、呼吸困难</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">支气管肺炎，脓胸</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="44" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:26.25pt"> <td height="44" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:26.25pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">流感嗜血杆菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">高热、呼吸困难、衰竭</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">支气管肺炎、肺叶实变、无空洞</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">厌氧菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">吸入史，高热、腥臭痰、毒血症明显</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">支气管肺炎、脓胸、脓气胸，多发性肺脓肿</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="44" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:26.37pt"> <td height="44" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:26.37pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">军团菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">高热、肌痛、相对缓脉</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">下叶斑片浸润，进展迅速，无空洞</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">支原体</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">起病缓，可小流行、乏力、肌痛头痛</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">下叶间质性支气管肺炎，</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: white;">3-4</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">周可自行消散</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="65" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:39.12pt"> <td height="65" class="oa4" width="166" style="height:39.12pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">念珠菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa5" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">慢性病史，畏寒、高热、粘痰</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa6" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">双下肺纹理增多，支气管肺炎或大片浸润，可有空洞</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr> <tr height="99" style="mso-height-source:userset;height:59.21pt"> <td height="99" class="oa7" width="166" style="height:59.21pt;width:100pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 3.36pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">曲菌</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa8" width="494" style="width:296pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">免疫抑制宿主，发热、干咳或棕黄色</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: white;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">痰、胸痛、咯血、喘息</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> <td class="oa9" width="450" style="width:270pt"><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">两肺中下叶纹理增粗，空洞内有球影，可随体位移动，胸膜为基底的楔形</span></p><br> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; color: white;">影，内有空洞，晕轮征和新月征</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: white;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: white;"><br></span></p><br> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

痰液检查、胸片、血清学检查等

抗感染治疗（抗生素），必要时氧疗